Angelica Root and Powder Profile Also known as- Angelica archangelica, Garden Angelica, Great Angelica, and Wild Parsnip. Introduction Angelica is the European cousin of the more familiar dong-quai. A graceful flowering plant related to carrots, dill, and fennel, angelica is found as far north as Nunavut and Lapland and as far south as Syria and South Carolina. The plant has an intense yet sweet aroma more like carrots than like dill or fennel. Constituents Psoralens, bergapten, beta-sitosterol, coumarins, limonene, umbelliferone. Parts Used Dried root Typical Preparations As a tea, in capsules and as an herbal extract. Summary The traditional uses of angelica included treating tumors, boils, and furuncles, relieving swollen gums, and forcing vomiting to treat food poisoning. Research published as recently as February 2005 confirm that angelica contains compounds that may prevent the proliferation of tumor cells, at least under laboratory conditions. Modern herbalists most often use this form of angelica to relieve loss of appetite, flatulence, and gastrointestinal spasms, and to treat the pain of hacking cough, menstrual cramps. and urinary tract infections. Angelica has a long folk-history of use as a medicinal herb, in particular for the treatment of digestive disorders and problems with blood circulation. Precautions Avoid excessive exposure to sunlight if using angelica oil. Do not take angelica and eat celeriac (celery root) as a vegetable if you tend to sunburn. The safety of angelica for pregnant women and nursing mothers has not been established and its use is not recommended. Back To Angelica Root and Powder For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Keywords: appetite, flatulence, digestive, cough, menstrual cramps, urinary tract infections, digestive, blood circulation.

Ashwaganda Root and Powder Profile Also known as- Withania somnifera, Indian Ginseng, Avarada, Withania, and Ashwaghanda. Introduction Ashwaganda is a member of the nightshade family, however it should be noted that that unlike other Nightshades, Ashwaganda lacks the poisonous attributes. Typically found and cultivated in India, Ashwaganda has been popularly applied to those with overworked and often hyper-tense lives. Ashwaganda is India's native answer to Ginseng and it is currently being applied in Ayurvedic medicine to treat hypertension and stress related ailments. Recent studies have attempted to popularize its use as a preliminary treatment for male infertility and impotence problems. Constituents Mainly consisting of withanolides, glycosides and several different alkaloids. Parts Used Eastern and Western herbal medicine use the dried root. Most notably, the dry, cut root. Berries of this plant are mildly toxic to the stomach and gastrointestinal tract. No major studies have released the benefits of the leaf. Typical preparations Tea decoction from the root, liquid herbal extract, herbal capsules (non-standardized) Dried crushed or powdered roots can be applied to food or directly consumed. Summary Not much research has been carried out for this particular botanical and to date there have not been any released notes on possible medicinal contraindications, side effects or potential health hazards. This particular root has been used successfully for the last 3,000 years and the empirical evidence of the ages speaks for itself. It comes highly recommended in times of severe strife and stress-induced discomfort. However Ashwaganda should not be consumed for long periods of time and is better reserved for the "times of need". Precautions Botanical safety guidelines in the US and Germany have suggested that Ashwaganda may be a mild abortifacient and it is not recommended for pregnant women. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Return to Ashwaganda root
Keywords: Hypertension, Stress, Male Infertility

Astragalus Root Profile Also known as- Astragalus membranaceus, milk vetch, huang qi (Chinese), ogi (Japanese), and hwanggi (Korean). Introduction Astragalus is the chief energy tonic of traditional Asian medicine. A graceful, flowing plant with long stems bearing paired, pointed leaves and purple flowers, the astragalus is harvested for its roots that are white when dug out of the ground but become yellow as they are dried. Constituents Astragalosides and other immunostimulant polysaccharides, beta-sitosterol, flavonoids, and trace minerals, especially selenium. Parts Used The dried root in the form of tea, encapsulated or as an extract. Powder is mildly sweet and may be sprinkled on food or whipped into a shake or smoothie. Typical Preparations Most authorities on traditional Chinese medicine recommend taking 9-15 grams (3 to 5 tablespoons) of the whole herb per day as a decoction, made by boiling the ground, dried root in water for a few minutes and then brewing the tea. Most supplement capsules provide 500 milligrams of the herb. Two to three tablets or capsules, two to three cups of tea, or 3-5 ml of tincture three times per day is a therapeutic dose. Summary Traditional Chinese medicine prescribes astragalus for maladies related to deficiencies of the "spleen," the energy body responsible for digesting food and "grounding" the energies of the body in the environment. Diseases treated with herbal formulas featuring astragalus can result from poor nutrition or digestive problems, but they can also be associated with frequent changes of life direction, "flighty" attitudes, or failure to make important decisions. Modern research shows that simple preparations of astragalus as a whole herb stimulate the immune system in several ways. It increases the number of stem cells in bone marrow, and encourages their maturity into active white blood cells. It appears to help signal the white blood cells known as neutrophils to migrate to places they are needed to fight infection. It stimulates the "germ-eating" white blood cells known as macrophages, activates T-cells and natural killer (NIK) cells, and increases the production of immune globulins. Usually taken with a variety of other herbs, astragalus as a whole herb eases chronic respiratory infections, aids in recovery from both cancer and the side effects of cancer therapy, and enhances health in HIV. Precautions Astragalus is non-toxic in any dosages. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Bilberry Fruit and Leaf Profile Also known as- Vaccinium myrtillus, European blueberry, Airelle, Bilberry Fruit, Bilberry Leaf, Black Whortles, Bleaberry, Blueberry, Burren Myrtle, Dwarf Bilberry, Dyeberry, Huckleberry, Hurtleberry, Myrtilli Fructus, Trackleberry, Whortleberry, Wineberry. Introduction The European bilberry bush is a close relative of American blueberries, cranberries, and huckleberries. The berry is creamy white instead of purple, but it is used, like blueberries, in the preparation of cakes, cobblers, jams, juices, and pies. The bilberry has a long history of medicinal use. Hildegard of Bingen wrote 900 years ago to recommend the use of bilberries to treat amenorrhea. Renaissance physicians used bilberries to treat conditions ranging from kidney stones to typhoid fever. The best known application of the herb in modern medicine, however, arose during World War II. British Royal Air Force Pilots reported that a dollop of bilberry jam just before a mission improved their night vision, sometimes dramatically. Constituents Benzoic acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin, Epigallocatechin (EPCG), gallic acid, hydroquinone, isoquercetin, quercetin. Parts Used Leaf, fruit. Typical Preparations Dried fruit, jam, bilberry leaf powder tablets, bilberry leaf tea. Summary After the successful use of bilberry jam in World War II, researchers determined that bilberry fruit and bilberry leaf contain biologically active substances called anthocyanosides. Scientists believe that these chemicals may strengthen the walls of the blood vessels in the eye and benefit the retina, reduce inflammation, and stabilize tissues containing cartilage, such as ligaments and tendons. The herb is also used to treat a variety of conditions that benefit from arterial support, including bruising, hemorrhoids, and varicose veins. The effect of bilberry on night vision is most consistent in people who have poor night vision. The herb probably will not improve night vision in people who already have good night vision. For best results, take bilberry on a regular basis, but also use blueberries, cranberries, elderberries, raspberries, and strawberries to support cardiovascular and retinal health. Precautions Bilberry fruit is known to be safe even for pregnant women, although eating too much can cause minor stomach upset. Maximum dosages of bilberry leaf have not been established for nursing mothers, young children, or people with severe liver or kidney disease, but there are no reports of toxicity. A bilberry leaf may lower blood sugars in diabetics. The leaf is not recommended for long term use.

Black Cohosh Root Also known as- Cimicifuga racemosa, Actaea Macrotys, Actaea Racemosa, Baneberry, Black Snakeroot, Bugbane, Bugwort, Cimicifuga, Cimicifuga Racemosa, Phytoestrogen, Rattle Root, Rattle Snakeroot, Rattlesnake Root, Rattleweed, Squawroot. Do not confuse with the potentially toxic blue cohosh. Introduction on Black cohosh is a graceful woodland plant bearing spikes of white flowers, native to New England and eastern Canada. Native Americans occasionally used the herb to treat snakebite and joint problems, but primarily used the herb for womenÍs health. Settlers adopted the herb for the same purposes, and in the late 1800Ís it became the key ingredient in Lydia PinkhamÍs Vegetable Compound, a wildly popular over the counter medicine for menstrual problems, infertility, and unpleasant symptoms of menopause. Lydia PinkhamÍs Vegetable Compound continued to be sold in the latter half of the twentieth century. Today, black cohosh remains one of the most popular remedies in the world for womenÍs natural health. Constituents Actein, cimicifugin, formononetin, salicylic acid, tannins, vitamin C. Parts Used Root. Typical Preparations Finely chopped, dried root in tablets, teas, or tinctures. Summary Black cohosh is a popular remedy for hot flashes, mood swings, and vaginal dryness of menopause. The herb does not stimulate the production of estrogen, but it may compensate for low or highly variable levels of estrogen during menstruation or in the menopause. In one well-designed study, 62 women going through menopause received black cohosh, estrogen, or a placebo for 90 days. Women who took black cohosh had the same reduction in hot flashes as women taking estrogen. Black cohosh did not stimulate growth of cells in the uterus, suggesting that, unlike estrogen, the herb does not increase the risk of uterine cancer. Black cohosh also increased the thickness of the vaginal wall. The study also suggested that black cohosh could help prevent osteoporosis. Precautions In menopausal women, black cohosh is not likely to cause any complications other than mild stomach upset. Black cohosh must be avoided during pregnancy because of its potential ability to stimulate uterine contractions. The safety of black cohosh in breastfeeding mothers and the degree of transmission of black cohosh in breast milk has not been established. There is controversy regarding the safety of black cohosh in women with a personal history or strong family history of breast cancer. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Blessed Thistle Also known as- Cnicus benedictus, Carbenia benedicta, Cardo Santo, Carduus, Carduus benedictus, Cnici Benedicti Herba, Cnicus, Holy Thistle, Spotted Thistle, St. Benedict Thistle. Introduction The blessed thistle is a weed with prickly leaves and yellow flowers surrounded by purple spikes. Originally used in Ayurvedic medicine in India and Bhutan, the plant was introduced to Europe in the 1500Ís where it gained the title "blessed" for its use in treating plague. Constituents Bitter principles, primarily cnicin. Parts Used Dried leaves, stems, and flowers. Typical Preparations As a tea infusion, in capsules or as an extract. Summary Blessed thistle is used to treat digestive ailments fundamentally caused by insufficient secretion of stomach acid. The herbÍs bitter taste triggers a reflex reaction that releases gastric juices into the stomach, especially those needed to digest fats. For this reason, modern herbalists agree that the plant is helpful for loss of appetite, upset stomach, and gas„although it may be better to take the herb before these symptoms occur (such as before eating a fatty meal), rather than after. The herb is also antibacterial. Precautions Generally not recommended during pregnancy. If you are allergic to artichokes, avoid this herb. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Boneset organic Also known as- Eupatorium perfoliatum, por huesos, Agueweed, Hempweed, Indian Sage and Thoroughwort. Introduction Boneset is a perennial daisy, growing 2 to 4 feet (60 to 120 cm) tall with a long, hairy stem topped with white flower heads of 10 to 20 blossoms from June to September. Its name derives from its historical use in treating a viral infection known as "break-bone fever." Constituents Boneset contains sesquiterpene lactones, such as euperfolin, euperfolitin, and eufoliatin, as well as polysaccharides and flavonoids. Parts Used The entire plant is medicinal, including leaf, stem and flower, but typically only the above-ground parts are collected. The herb is dried and chopped. Typical Preparations Whole herb in capsules, teas, and tinctures. The tea is very bitter. Summary Not really used to treat broken bones, boneset is nonetheless an excellent remedy for colds and congestion. Boneset treats colds by raising body temperature to kill the colds virus, but it also treats fevers by inducing perspiration to lower body temperature. The polysaccharides in boneset activate T-cells to fight bacterial infections. Precautions Boneset is most effective when taken on the first day of symptoms. Safety for pregnant women, nursing mothers, children under the age of 6, or persons with severe liver or kidney disease has not been established. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Buchu Leaf Profile Also known as- Barosma betulina, Introduction Buchu is a small, green, woody plant found in western South Africa. In several reports of the late nineteenth century, buchu was described as "about the size of a hedgehog." The leaves have a peppermint-like aroma that increases as they are dried. Constituents Diosphenol (the antimicrobial component), mucilages (the soothing component), diosmin, pugelone. Parts Used Dried leaf and small flowers. Typical Preparations Teas and tinctures. Often combined with couchgrass, corn silk, cranberry, cleavers, dandelion, goldenrod, parsley, and/or uva ursi. Seldom found in capsule form. Summary Buchu was popular in the 1800's as a hangover cure. English patent medicines used it in herbal combinations for treating coughs and colds. The authoritative Complete German Commission E Monographs notes that buchu leaf is used for inflammation and infection of the kidneys and urinary tract, for bladder irritations, as a disinfectant of the urinary tract, and as a diuretic. Buchu is also often used to treat prostate infections. The primary action of the herb is antimicrobial. Precautions None. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Burdock Root Also known as- Arctium lappa, gobo, poor manÍs potatoes, Arctium, Arctium minus, Arctium tomentosum, Bardana, Bardana-minor, Bardanae Radix, Bardane, Beggar's Buttons, Burr Seed, Clotbur, Cocklebur, Cockle Buttons, Edible Burdock, Fox's Clote, Great Bur, Great Burdocks, Happy Major, Hardock, Harebur, Lappa, Love Leaves, Orelha-de-gigante, Personata, Philanthropium, Thorny Burr. Introduction Burdock is a sturdy biennial plant reaching up to 6 feet (2 m) high, with 18 inch (50 cm) wide leaves forming a rosette at ground level, with smaller versions growing up the thick flowering stem. In mid-summer, the plant blossoms into a dense array of globular flowers with sticky bracts that cling to passing animals and peoples. BurdockÍs roots grow straight down as much as 3 feet (1 m) into the subsoil. The plant grows on roadsides and waste places and around field boundaries throughout Britain, Europe and North America; it is cultivated in Japan. Constituents Up to 50% inulin, polyacetylenes, volatile acids (acetic, proprionic, butyric, isovaleric), non-hydroxyl acids (lauric, myristic, stearic, palmitic), polyphenolic acids, and tannins. Parts Used The washed and dried root, powdered. Typical Preparations Chopped burdock root should be allowed to soak in water before it is boiled to make tea. Place a rounded tablespoon (6 to 8 grams) of chopped burdock root in 3 cups (750 ml) of cold water and allow to stand for at least 3 hours. Later, boil the mixture for at least an hour. Take the boiled burdock root tea off the stove and allow to cool to room temperature before straining and drinking. One cup three times a day is the usual dosage; leftover tea can be stored at room temperature for later use. This form of preparation is best when the tea is being used to treat digestive troubles. May also be taken as a capsule or extract, and mixes well with other tea infusions and decoctions. Summary There is considerable evidence in the scientific literature that burdock root tea is a powerful anti-inflammatory remedy. Its numerous antioxidants protect the liver from toxic chemicals, allowing it to process the body's naturally occurring steroids which is helpful in achieving hormonal balance. A mildly bitter herb, it stimulates the release of gastric juices and aids digestion. This combination of qualities explains its traditional use in treating acne, eczema, endometriosis, psoriasis, and uterine fibroids. The tea can also be used as a wash to treat skin infections, eczema, and psoriasis. Precautions Safe for use as a food or herb. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Calendula Flowers Profile Also known as- Calendula officinalis, pot marigold, Garden Marigold, Gold-Bloom, Holligold, Marigold, Marybud, Zergul. Introduction The calendula is an annual flower native to the northern Mediterranean countries. Its name refers to its tendency to bloom with the calendar, usually once a month or every new moon. The term "marigold" refers to the Virgin Mary, and marigolds are used in Catholic events honoring the Virgin Mary. The calendula was originally used as food rather than as an herb. It adds flavor and color to cereals, rice, and soups. The petals can be added to salads. As recently as 70 years ago, American physicians used calendula to treat amenorrhea, conjunctivitis, fevers, cuts, scrapes, bruises, and burns, as well as minor infections of the skin. Constituents Calendulin, beta-carotene and other carotenoids, isoquercitrin, narcissin, rutin, amyrin, lupeol, sterols, and volatile oils. The flowers also contain complex polysaccharides with immunostimulant properties. Parts Used Dried flowers. Typical Preparations Creams, teas, tinctures, infusions, compresses, and washes. Summary Calendula creams and washes are still used to disinfect minor wounds and to treat infections of the skin. The antibacterial and immunostimulant properties of the plant make it extremely useful in treating slow-healing cuts and cuts in people who have compromised immune systems. The herb stimulates the production of collagen at wound sites and minimizes scarring. Gargling calendula water may ease sore throat. An often overlooked application of this herb is the treatment of post-mastectomy lymphedema. The herb will not reduce swelling, but it will reduce pain. Precautions None. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

California Poppy organic Also known as- Eschscholzia californica, Poppy, Gold Poppy. Introduction The California poppy is the state flower of California, a tender perennial plant bearing blue-green leaves and 2 to 4 inch (5 to 10 cm) wide flowers that open in bright sun and close on cloudy days and at night. California poppy is one of the oldest North American remedies for stress-induced maladies including sensitivity to changes in the weather. Constituents Alkaloids, principally cryptopine. Parts Used Above-ground parts of the plant, dried. Typical Preparations Most frequently used as a tincture. Combined with hawthorn and magnesium salts in formulas for relieving anxiety. Also commonly combined with birthwort, night-blooming cereus, kava, lavender, passionflower, St. JohnÍs wort, and/or valerian. Can also be taken as a tea or encapsulated. Summary California poppy is most often employed to provide restful sleep without the side effects of benzodiazepine drugs such as Librium, Valium, and Xanax. Clinical studies show that California poppy in combination with hawthorn and magnesium salts is safe, effective, and free of side effects for the treatment of mild to moderate anxiety. The advantage of California poppy is relief from tension without morning grogginess, nausea, vomiting, or constipation. Precautions Safety not established during pregnancy or nursing or for children under the age of 6. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Cat's Claw Bark and Powder Profile Also known as- Uncaria tomentosa, and Una de Gato. Introduction Cat's claw is a tropical vine clinging to 100-foot (and taller) trees by its namesake "claws." Ethically harvested cat's claw bark is a major source of income for many Brazilian and Peruvian villages. Constituents Pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids (pteropodine, isopteropodine, isomitraphylline, uncarine F), tetracyclic oxindole alkaloids (rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline), quinovic acid glycosides, procyanidins, triterpenoid saponins. Parts Used Bark. Typical Preparations Usually used as a tincture. The tannins in the herb are released only if it is taken in an acidic medium; add a little lemon juice to a quarter-cup of water to which you add the tincture or prepare as a tea. For convenience it may be taken as a capsule. Summary The traditional application of cat's claw has been to treat rheumatoid arthritis. The herb is also used for stomach ulcers, gastritis, eczema, "break-bone fever," and liver diseases. Recent clinical studies find that the herb is useful for relieving knee pain. Since the 1980's, cat's claw most common use in modern herbal medicine is an immune stimulant. The oxindole alkaloids in catÍs claw strengthen the immune system and also improve circulation by lowering blood pressure. The master rain forest herbalist Leslie Taylor has used cat's claw tinctures and teas to treat cancer and HIV with remarkable success. Precautions Women should avoid use of this herb when trying to get pregnant. It may be best to avoid use of this herb if you have any chronic health condition resulting from over-stimulation of the immune system, such as lupus, multiple sclerosis, scleroderma, or Show-gren's syndrome. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Cayenne and Chili Powder Profile Also known as- Capsicum annum, Capsicum spp, Sweet Pepper, Hot Pepper, (Other varieties of cultivars include Paprika, African Bird Pepper, and Habanero) PLEASE NOTE! Cayenne and Chili are the same thing and contrary to popular myth, the difference in their names have noting to do with either heat units or origins. Introduction The Capsicum family includes bell peppers, red peppers, paprika, and pimento, but the most famous medicinal members of the family are cayenne and chile. The tasty hot peppers have long been used in many of the world's cuisines, but their greatest use in health comes from, surprisingly, conventional medicine. Constituents 1,8-cineole, 2-octanone, alanine, alpha-carotene, alpha-linoleic acid, alpha-phellandrene, arginine, ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, betaine, campesterol, capsaicin, capsanthin, carvone, fiber, folacin, glutamic acid, hesperidin, isoleucine, isovaleric acid, kaempferol, manganese, myrcene, p-coumaric acid, potassium, proline, quercetin, scopoletin, solanine, thiamin, thujone, tryptophan, valine, zeaxanthin, zinc. Parts Used The fruit, fresh or dried, chopped or powdered. Typical Preparations Widely used in cooking. Most often compounded as a cream for external use, rarely brewed into a tea for internal use. Summary The burning sensation of hot peppers is a reaction of the central nervous system to capsaicin; unlike horseradish, wasabi, garlic, ginger, and mustard, capsaicin only causes the sensation of damage, not real damage to tissues. This sensation of pain, however, depletes a chemical called substance P, and when substance P is used up, the ongoing tissue damage of arthritis, shingles, cluster headaches, fibromyalgia, or lower back injury does not result in pain. Eating hot peppers can also deplete pain chemicals in the stomach. Peppers do not actually cause heartburn or ulcers. They merely cause the sensation of pain, depleting substance P, so other conditions cannot cause pain. Eating foods seasoned with cayenne or chile may even protect the stomach against damage by aspirin, ibuprofen, or other NSAID pain relief medications. Capsaicin creams can also reduce itching in psoriasis. Precautions Don't touch your eyes with your hands after you have handled capsaicin cream. Excessive use internally may result in gastro-intestinal upset. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Celandine Also known as- Chelidonium majus, Bai Qu Cai, Chelidonii, Chelidonii Herba, Greater Celandine, Schollkraut, Tetterwort, Verruguera. Introduction Celandine is a plant in the poppy family, with blue-green, divided leaves and flowers of four yellow petals yielding a pod-like fruit. It has an odd and unpleasant odor and a bitter and pungent taste. Constituents Berberine (the same chemical found in goldenseal and Oregon grape root), sanguinarine (also found in blood root), chelidonine, protopine, coptisine, and stylopine. The root has a much greater content of these chemicals than the above-ground parts of the plant. Parts Used The above-ground parts of the plant, dried, cut and/or powdered. Typical Preparations Can be used to make teas, but more often used as an extract or encapsulation. Summary Celandine is most often used for treating gallbladder problems. It stops spasms at the same time it stimulates the production of bile to flush gallstones away. IN Traditional Chinese Medicine, celandine is more often used as a pain-relieving cough medication. The sap of the fresh herb is a traditional remedy for warts. Precautions Not recommended for use while pregnant For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Chamomile Flowers and Powder Profile Also known as- Matricaria recutita, Hungarian chamomile or wild chamomile, Camomilla, Camomille Allemande, Chamomile, Chamomilla recutita, Echte Kamille, Feldkamille, Fleur de Camomile, Kamillen, Kleine Kamille, Manzanilla, Matricaire, Matricaria recutita, Matricariae Flos, Pin Heads, Sweet False Chamomile, True Chamomile. Introduction Chamomile is a low-growing relative of the sunflower native to Eastern Europe and now found around the world. It is especially abundant in Hungary, Croatia, and Serbia, although chamomile grown in Egypt has an exceptionally high content of essential oils. Chamomile was used a medicine by the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. Its name derives from the Greek chamos (ground) and melos (apple), referring to its creeping habit and the apple scent of fresh blossoms. Extensive research has confirmed the plantÍs usefulness in treating minor abrasions, cuts, and scrapes, and as a sedative and sleep aid. Constituents Essential oil (bisabolol and chamazulene), apigenin, matricin. Parts Used Flowers Typical Preparations Baths, creams, infusions, teas and extracts. Summary The traditional use of chamomile tea is to induce deep sleep"an effect confirmed in a study of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Chamomile stops spasms in the smooth muscles lining the stomach and intestines, and contains chemicals that are anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic. One hint for best results: Always brew chamomile tea in a closed container, especially if you live at a high altitude. Precautions None. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Vitex Berry and Powder (Chaste Tree) Profile Also known as- Vitex agnus-castus, Chaste Berry, Monk's Berry, Vitex, Chastetree, Chinese Vitex, Gattilier, Hemp Tree, Monk's Pepper, Vitex, Vitex rotundifolia, Vitex trifolia, Viticis Fructus. Introduction Chaste tree is a small shrub native to the eastern Mediterranean and easily grown in warm climates around the world. Its tart and peppery fruit has been used for over two thousands years, at least since the time of the Greek physician, Dioscorides, who recommended it in beverages intended to help the wives of soldiers remain chaste while their husbands were in battle. Constituents Acubin, agnuside, casticin, chrysophanol D, alpha- and beta-pinene, isovitexin and vitexin. Parts Used Dried fruiting berry Typical Preparations Usually used as a tincture, however may be cracked and sprinkled on food, producing a slight pepper taste or as a tea infusion. Summary Chaste berry has been used for centuries to treat constipation, flatulence, and hangovers, and to bring on menstruation and lactation. In modern herbal medicine, the herb is mainly used to treat breast swelling and breast pain caused by excessive secretion of the hormone prolactin during PMS or cyclic mastalgia. The herb can lengthen the proliferative (first) phase of the menstrual cycle, and also relieve water weight, headache, and fatigue. Precautions Men shouldn't take chaste berry. Testicular atrophy could result after repeated use. Not recommended during pregnancy. Binging on sugar, alcohol, or marijuana will block the herb's action on dopamine receptors in the brain and cancel out its effects. Not recommended while pregnant. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Chickweed Herb Profile Also known as- Stellaria media, and Stellaria spp, Mouse-ear, Adder's Mouth, Tongue Grass, Alsine, Chick Wittles, Satinflower, Winter Weed, and Star Weed. Introduction Chickweed is an English herb easily recognized by its straggling, succulent stems bearing paired leaves and white flowerlets. Chickweed is in the same plant family as cloves, and the fresh plant makes an interesting addition to a spring or summer salad. Constituents Coumarins, rutin, B vitamins, iron, saponins. Parts Used Entire aerial part of plant. Typical Preparations Most often used as a tincture or ointment. Can be encapsulated or taken as a tea. Summary Chickweed is a "drawing herb," once thought to remove toxins from the skin, now more typically explained as a microcirculatory stimulant for the skin. Chickweed may be employed to treat acne, abscesses of the skin, and eczema, as well as duodenal and peptic ulcers. Precautions None. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Cleavers Profile Also known as- Galium aparine, clivers, goosegrass. Barweed, Bedstraw, Catchweed, Cleaverwort, Coachweed, Eriffe, Everlasting Friendship, Galium aparine, Goosebill, Gosling Weed, Grip Grass, Hayriffe, Hayruff, Hedge-Burs, Hedgeheriff, Love-Man, Mutton Chops, Robin-Run-in-the-Grass, Scratchweed, Stick-a-Back, Sweethearts. Introduction Cleavers is a pasture plant of Britain and North America easily recognized by its clinging leaves and sticky seeds attaching themselves to any animal or person passing them. The entire plant is used in herbal medicine, harvested just before it blooms in early summer. Cleavers is related to both quinine and sweet woodruff. It has no odor, and a slightly bitter taste. Constituents Chlorophyll, citric acid, rubichloric acid, tannins. Parts Used Usually the above ground parts of the plant, dried and chopped. Typical Preparations Usually taken as a tea, but can be eaten or ground fresh. Equally as suitable as an extract or capsule and may be lightly sprinkled on food as it has a fresh taste. Summary Cleavers is a diuretic herb, the "Lasix" (furosemide) of the nineteenth century, used to assist ailing hearts by encouraging urination to reduce the volume of blood to relieve congestive heart failure. Herbalists of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries reported that it dissolved kidney stones; however, neither cleavers nor any other diuretic should be used during an acute attack. Cleavers were also used in washes and cosmetics to remove freckles. Precautions None. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Coltsfoot Herb Profile Also known as- Tussilago farfara, Horsehoof, Coughwort, Fieldhove, Bullsfoot, Cleats, Clayweed, Tusilago, and AssÍs Foot. Introduction Coltsfoot grows wild over much of Europe, and has been used traditionally to treat chest ailments for hundreds of years. The fleshy leaves, stems and buds are also used in Asian folk medicine to treat asthma, dry cough and bronchitis. Before the plant flowers, it resembles butterbur enough that old herbals caution against confusing the two. At one time, smoking dried coltsfoot leaves was a recommended treatment for coughs, bronchitis and emphysema symptoms. Nowadays, the recommended preparation is a tea. In fact, many herbal practitioners recommend preparing a thermos of coltsfoot tea before bed so that it is ready to be taken first thing in the morning when the coughs due to chronic lung problems are at their worst. Constituents mucilage, including numerous sugars; inulin; flavonoids, rutin, isoquercetin, tannin; pyrrolizidine alkaloids Parts Used Leaves, and sometimes the buds and flowers Typical Preparations Infusion, tea, syrup, capsules and extracts. Summary Coltsfoot is one of the most widely used herbs for the treatment of coughs and other lung complaints, and is the basis for many of the herbal cough preparations sold in Europe. The chemical constituents have expectorant, anti-tussive, anti-spasmodic, demulcent, anti-catarrhal and diuretic properties, making coltsfoot extremely helpful in the case of racking coughs such as those that accompany chest colds, asthma and emphysema. However, the USDA classifies coltsfoot as an herb of "unknown safety", and the presence of minute amounts of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which have been found to cause liver toxicity and cancer, has led to its banning in West Germany. The amount of these alkaloids is extremely small, though, and the beneficial effects are generally believed to outweigh the miniscule risk. Precautions Coltsfoot should not be used by pregnant women, as it may be an abortifacient, and the alkaloids seem to have a particularly harmful effect on the liver of the developing infant. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids present in the plant are potentially toxic in large doses, but have not proven toxic in the doses usually used to treat coughs. Still, it is recommended that coltsfoot tea or syrup not be used for more than 4-6 weeks at a time. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Corn Silk Profile Also known as- Zea mays, Indian Corn, Maidis Stigma, Maize Silk, and Stigma Maydis. Introduction Zea mays is the botanical name for corn. Zea comes from Greek, meaning "to live." Mays comes from Spanish maÕz, or maize, the same word as a term in a native Mexican language meaning "mother," or "mother of life." Corn silks are the silky tassels running the length of an ear of corn. They serve as styles or tubes for collecting the pollen that fertilizes each seed. Corn silk is not considered a food, but it has a long history in herbal medicine as a treatment for urinary complains. Constituents 1,8-cineole, alpha-terpineol, beta-carotene, beta-sitosterol, geraniol, hordenine, limonene, menthol, niacin, riboflavin, selenium, thymol, vitamin C, and vitexin. Corn silk contains many of the phytochemicals found in barley greens, the thymol found in thyme, and also the menthol found in mint. It may or may not contain vitamin K, depending on the growing conditions and how it is stored. Parts Used Dried silk, whole or powdered. Typical Preparations Usually taken as a tea, but can be used as an encapsulated powder or mixed with corn oil for application to the skin. May be administered as a capsule or extract. Summary Corn silk relieves a wide range of conditions characterized by urinary inflammation. It is especially useful in treating inflammation caused by bacterial infection. A complex polysaccharide in the silk activates macrophages (white blood cells) to engulf and dissolve infectious microorganisms. The volatile oils neutralize fungi and yeast. Corn silk is both diuretic and kaliuretic, that is, it encourages retention of sodium and excretion of potassium. Not everyone benefits from excretion of potassium, but people with chronic fatigue, adrenal burnout, and generally "cold" symptoms may. Precautions Do not use corn silk if you also take Lasix (furosemide). For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Cramp Bark and Powder Profile Also known as- Viburnum opulus, Guelder rose, Black Haw, Cranberry Tree, Dog Rowan Tree, Viburnum, May Elder, King's Crown, and May Rose. Introduction Cramp bark is a large deciduous shrub growing as much as 15 feet (5 m) tall and 15 feet wide. It is native to the moist lowland forests of England and Scotland and naturalized to moist forests of the northern United States and southern Canada. A member of the honeysuckle family, cramp bark bears large white flowers, up to 5 inches (12 cm) across that yield red berries in the fall. The berries are eaten like cranberries, although moderation is recommended. Constituents Coumarins, scopoletin, tannin. Parts Used Dried bark, harvested in the autumn before leaves change color, or in the spring before leaves open. The leaves and fruit are used in laxatives. Typical Preparations Teas or tinctures. In rare instances, used as a ground herb administered in capsules. Often combined with corydalis and/or valerian for pain. Summary Cramp bark, as its name suggests, is used to treat cramps and spasms of all types. The bark is is antispasmodic, astringent, and sedative, especially in the uterus. Cramp bark is used to relieve menstrual cramps and spasms after childbirth and to prevent miscarriage. The herb is used in combinations to treat asthma and nervous tension. Precautions Cramp bark is essentially nontoxic, although taking large quantities of the fruit or leaf (5 or more times the recommended dose) can cause diarrhea. Not recommended while taking blood thinning medications. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Damiana Also known as- Turnera diffusa. Turnera aphrodisiaca has the same medicinal properties, whereas Turnera ulmifolia looks the same but has a different chemistry. Damiana aphrodisiaca, Herba de la Pastora, Mexican Damiana, Mizibcoc, Old Woman's Broom, Rosemary, Turnerae diffusae folium, Turnerae diffusae herba, Turnera microphyllia. Introduction Damiana is a small shrub reaching a height of 4 to 6 feet (1-2 meters), bearing sweet-smelling, serrated leaves growing 4 to 10 inches (10-25 cm) long. Small, yellow flowers bloom in summer and are followed by small fruits with a fig-like taste. The Mayas used damiana as an aphrodisiac, but more specifically as a remedy for "giddy" love. The herb was considered more important for focusing sexual energies than for creating them. In modern hierberÕas across the Southwestern United States and Mexico, damiana is recommended as an aphrodisiac and for asthma, bronchitis, neurosis, diabetes, dysentery, dyspepsia, headaches, paralysis, nephrosis, spermatorrhea, stomachache, and syphilis. The current edition of the British Herbal Pharmacopoeia recommends the herb for "anxiety neurosis with a predominant sexual factor, depression, nervous dyspepsia, atonic constipation, and coital inadequacy." Constituents The leaves contain up to 1% volatile oil consisting of 1,8-cineole, p-cymene, alpha- and beta-pinene, thymol, alpha-copaene, and calamene among other chemicals. The dry matter of the leaf includes a characteristic brown, bitter substance called damianin as well as tannins, flavonoids, beta-sitosterol, and the glycosides gonzalitosin, arbutin, and tetraphyllin B Parts Used Leaf and leaf stems, dried. Typical Preparations The encapsulated powder, up to 12,000 milligrams (twenty-four 500-milligram capsules) daily, or equivalent amount of tincture. Summary Damiana is a popular aphrodisiac for men. It is also used to enhance orgasm in women, and for asthma, depression, digestive problems, and menstrual disorders. Two US patents list damiana as an ingredient in a "thermogenic" diet aid designed to increase metabolic rate. Precautions Teas of damiana may lower blood sugars, but tinctures do not. Since one of the traditional uses of the herb was to induce abortion, it should be avoided in pregnancy. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Return to Damiana Leaf

Dandelion Leaf Profile Also known as- Taraxacum officinale, Blowball, Cankerwort, Common Dandelion, Dandelion Herb, Leontodon taracum, Lion's Tooth, Pissenlit, Priest's Crown, Swine Snout, Taraxaci herba, Taraxacum vulgare, Wild Endive. Introduction The common dandelion, enemy of well-kept lawns, is an exceptionally nutritious food. Its leaves and root contain substantial levels of vitamins A, C, D, and B complex as well as iron, magnesium, zinc, potassium, manganese, copper, choline, calcium, boron, and silicon. Constituents The nutrients mentioned in the Introduction, plus bitter taraxacins (eudesmanolides), sitosterol, stigmasterol, alpha- and beta-carotene, caffeic acid, mucilage, and an unusually high potassium content. Parts Used The whole leaf, dried, and cut. Typical Preparations Typically used as tea or tincture, can be used with dandelion root. Sometimes encapsulated. The fresh greens of Dandelion are great in salads, and the dried leaf makes a comparable alternative. Summary Dandelion leaf is a mild chloretic, that is, an agent for stimulating the release of bile from the liver into the gallbladder. The herb is used to support treatment of a variety of liver and gallbladder disorders, especially the incomplete digestion of fats. The release of bile is laxative, and accelerates the breakdown of various steroid hormones, causing an indirect, favorable effect on eczema and other skin conditions. Dandelion leaf, like dandelion root, also is one of the best herbal diuretics. It stimulates urination but also replaces the potassium lost to the increased volume of urine. Precautions Use with caution if you have gallstones. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Devil's Claw Root and Powder Profile Also known as- Harpagophytum procumbens. Introduction Devil's claw is native to South Africa, named because of its peculiar appearance. Its claw-like roots are used in medicines after they are chopped and allowed to dry in the sun for at least 3 days. The tribal herbal traditions of South Africa employed devil's claw to relieve pain and stimulate digestion. Devil's claw is one of the bitterest of all herbs, making a very good digestive stimulant. English and Dutch explorers traded for devil claw and sold it in Europe as a popular remedy for arthritis Constituents Aluminum, calcium, chlorogenic acid, chromium, harpagide, kaempferol, luteolin, magnesium, oleanolic acid, selenium, tin, zinc. Parts Used Sun dried tuber. Most prefer secondary tuber, and this is the form offered by Mountain Rose Herbs. Typical Preparations Capsules, tinctures, teas. Summary Devil's claw offers slow but sure relief of joint pain caused by both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and it can also relieve muscle pain and enhance mobility for people with either arthritis or muscle injuries. Scientists donÍt know exactly how devil's claw works, other than that it is not a COX-2 inhibitor like Celebrex or Vioxx, and therefore is not potentially injurious to the heart. Arthritis who take devil's claw usually find that they can taper off other pain remedies. Precautions Don't use devil's claw if you take Coumadin (warfarin) or Plavix. Tell your surgeon you have been taking devil's claw before you have surgery. Safety during pregnancy has not been established. Not recommended for those who suffer from stomach inflammation, ulcers, or digestive disorders. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Dong Quai Root and Powder Profile Also known as- Angelica sinensis, Dong Gui, Chinese Angelica, and Dan Gui. Introduction The Chinese phrase "dong quai" literally means "state of return." For over two thousand years, since the writing of the Divine HusbandmanÍs Classic of the Materia Medica, Chinese herbal medicine has used dong quai to help women return to their natural hormonal and emotional states after the accumulation of toxins and emotional injuries in the energy organ known as the "liver." Dong quai is a plant in the same family as celery, parsley, and carrots. Its long, large, most, oily and fragrant root has a yellow-brown bark and a yellow-white cross section. Greenish roots should not be used. Constituents Butylidene phhtalide, ligustilide, n-butylidene-phthalide, sequiterpenes, carvacrol, dihyrophthalic anhydride, sucrose, B vitamins, beta-sitosterol. Parts Used Root. Typical Preparations Teas, tinctures, encapsulations, usually with other herbs. With white peony, rehmannia and ligusticum, used for menstrual irregularity, amenorrhea, and dysmenorrhea. With ginger, for post partum abdominal pain, or hernia. With cinnamon for pelvic infections. With honeysuckle (lonicera) for swelling of skin absecesses. Summary In herbal medicine, the primary use of dong quai is as a uterine tonic, reducing menstrual pain and reducing disagreeable symptoms of menopause. Dong quai does not stimulate the production of estrogen. The herb is used in tonics for both sexes to relieve pain caused by neuralgia, poor circulation, and arthritis. Precautions Avoid when there is diarrhea with flatulence. Not to be used while pregnant or if you are on blood thinning medications. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Echinacea Root, Herb and Powder Profile Also known as- Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea pallida, Echinacea angustifolia, Coneflower, Snakeroot, Purple Coneflower, and Blacksamson. Introduction The most popular American medicinal plant is echinacea„hundreds of millions of dollars worth of echinacea products are sold in the United States and Germany every year. While the exact chemical compounds responsible for the plantÍs healing efficacies are unclear, its therapeutic value is well known. Constituents The complex sugars of the herb are its immune stimulants. Polysaccharides and Echinaceoside. Parts Used The root, leaves, stems and flowers, of Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea angustifolia, or Echinacea pallida. Typical Preparations The above-ground parts of the plant are used to make fresh juice, infusions (warm-water teas), and tinctures. The roots are used in either cut or powdered form for capsules, fluid extracts, teas, and tinctures. Summary Echinacea is herbal medicines first choice of treatment for colds. Stimulating the immune system, the herbs can also be used to treat chronic yeast infections in women and to prevent urinary tract infections in both sexes. Administered in times of need, this helpful ally can assist the body's immune system in treating a wide range of disorders. There has been some doubt over the ability of the body to absorb the medicinally active ingredients orally (intravenous injections being considered the only effective way to administer the plant), but recent research has demonstrated significant absorption from orally administered applications. The roots and the whole plant are considered particularly beneficial in the treatment of sores, wounds, burns etc, possessing cortisone-like and antibacterial activity. The plant was used by North American Indians as a universal application to treat the bites and stings of all types of insects. To date the Echinacea angustfolia is presumed to be more effective than the purpurea or pallida. Precautions Use with caution if you are allergic to ragweed. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Description Support Healthy Function of the Immune System Fresh Root We prepare our Echinacea Root Extract from fresh (undried) roots of Echinacea purpurea which is Certified Organically Grown on our own farm. Ingredients: Organic grain alcohol (48-52%), distilled water & Echinacea Root extractives. Directions Shake Well Before Using Two to five times per day take 30 to 40 drops in a little water. Disclaimer These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Printable Reviews __USERID__ http://www.vitacost.com/HerbPharmECHINACEAROOTLiquidHerbalExtract

Elder Berry and Flower Profile Also known as- Sambucus spp (Nigra for berries and Canadensis for flowers) American Elder, Common Elder, Black Elder, Bour Tree, and European Black Elder. Introduction Native Americans used the flowers, berries, and bark of elderberry trees to treat fevers and joint pain for hundreds of years, but elderberryÍs real claim to fame is as a cure for the flu. Israeli researchers have developed five formulas based on elderberry fruit that have been clinically proven to prevent and ameliorate all kinds of influenza. Constituents Potassium nitrate, sambucin, sambunigrin, sugars. The complex sugars of the leaf are the immune-active fraction. Parts Used Most commonly the flowers or berries. Dried fruits are less bitter than fresh. The stems and leaves are poisonous. Typical Preparations Teas, tinctures, encapsulations, syrups, wine, cordials, and even ketchup, often combined with propolis or echinacea. Summary Extensive research show that elder stop the production of hormone-like cytokines that direct a class of white blood cells known as neutrophils to cause inflammation, especially in influenza and arthritis. On the other hand, elder increases the production non-inflammatory infection-fighting cytokines as much as 10 fold. Elder berries are known to be effective against eight strains of influenza. This suggests that elder be superior to vaccines in preventing flu, because flu vaccines are only effective against known strains of flu, whereas the virus is continually mutating to new strains. Vaccines have another draw back: over half of people who get them report side effects. Dr. Madeleine Mumcuoglu, of Hadassah-Hebrew University in Israel found that elderberry disarms the enzyme viruses use to penetrate healthy cells in the lining of the nose and throat. Taken before infection, it prevents infection. Taken after infection, it prevents spread of the virus through the respiratory tract. In a clinical trial, 20% of study subjects reported significant improvement within 24 hours, 70% by 48 hours, and 90% claimed complete cure in three days. In contrast, subjects receiving the placebo required 6 days to recover. Precautions None for flowers or berries. When using berries it must be from the nigra species as others are known to be poisonous. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Eleuthero Root Also known as- Eleutherococcus senticosus, (Formerly known as Siberian ginseng, a name banned in the United States by the Ginseng Labeling Act of 2002) Acanthopanax senticosus, Ci Wu Jia, Ciwujia, Devil's Bush, Devil's Shrub, Eleuthera, Eleuthero, Eleutherococc, Eleutherococci radix, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Ginseng Root, Hedera senticosa, Pepperbrush, Prickly Eleutherococc, Shigoka, Touch-Me-Not, Ussuri, Ussurian Thorny, Wild Pepper, Wu Jia Pi. Introduction Eleuthero is a woodland plant native to southeastern Siberia and the Korean peninsula, and adapted to the damp forests of British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and northern California. A relative of the more famous red ginseng, eleuthero has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine since about 190 AD. It became a widely cultivated herb after its use as an adaptogen (an herb that helps the body adapt to stress) was discovered by a Soviet scientist named Brekhman in the 1940Ís. It was dispensed to entire cities in Siberia for 10 weeks in early winter to prevent colds and flu, and used as a treatment for radiation exposure after the Chernobyl accident. Constituents Eleutherosides B and E, and immunostimulant complex polysaccharides. Parts Used The dried root. Typical Preparations Encapsulated root, tea, or tincture, may be added to juices or smoothies. Summary Eleuthero is an "adaptogen," an agent that helps the body address to stress. Scientists believe it helps prevent "adrenal burnout" caused by ongoing physical or mental challenges. Eleuthero boosts concentration and focus without the letdown than comes from drinking coffee or other sources of caffeine. Eleuthero also boosts immunity. Healthy people taking 2 teaspoons (10 ml) of tincture three times daily have been shown to have increased numbers of the immune cells (CD4+ cells) that have decrease during HIV-infection and AIDS. Eleuthero may also enhance athletic performance. Eleuthero was a favorite of trainers and coaches of Olympic athletes in the old Soviet Union. When the word about eleuthero got out, Western scientists put it to the test. A study of six baseball players found that taking eleuthero for 8 days increased breathing capacity. That is, eleuthero gave the players more wind to sprint between bases. In another clinical test, scientists in Australia found that men (and women) who took eleuthero 8 weeks had 13% strength gains in the pectoral muscles and 15% in the biceps. And a company in New Jersey found that taking eleuthero for 8 weeks increased the bodyÍs ability to burn fat through exercise by about 43%. The scientists running these tests recruited experienced athletes. The benefits of this readily available herb are even more noticeable in beginning athletes. Just be sure to take the herb for at least 8 weeks for best results. Combining eleuthero with other herbs can be even better. Soviet scientists found taking both schisandra and eleuthero benefited endurance athletes by giving them an immune system boost. The two herbs together helped prevent colds, flu, and other infections after athletic events. Eleuthero is not the only herb for athletes. American trainers report a combination of sea buckthorn, wild oats, and stinging nettle increases strength, anaerobic power (muscle output when the athlete is out of breath), endurance time, and even feelings of well being. For best results, increase the vitamin C foods in your diet when you take these herbs. Precautions May cause insomnia if taken too close to bedtime. Not recommended for persons with uncontrolled high blood pressure. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Description World Renowned Since 1922. Helps Support the Immune System. Since 1922, Nurse Caisse used Essiac®, her original herbal formula, to promote immune system health and overall well being worldwide. Nurse Rene M. Caisse is world renowned for having made significant contributions to the field of natural medicine. Now available in a bottle. Supplement Facts Serving Size: 2-4 Tsp (10-20 mL) Servings per container: 15 -30 Amount Per Serving % Daily Value Vitamin A 110 IU 2% Vitamin C 1 mg 2% Proprietary Blend: 4.8 g * Burdock, Liquid Extract (root) Sheep Sorrel, Liquid Extract (leaves) Slippery Elm, Liquid Extract (bark) Indian Rhubarb, Liquid Extract (root) *Daily value not established. Other ingredients: Burdock root extract (Arctium lappa), sheep sorrel leaves extract (Rumex acetosella), slippery elm bark extract (Ulmus fulva), Indian rhubarb root extract (Rheum officinale), purified water, alcohol and citric acid. Directions Shake well. Take 2-4 tsp (10-20 mL) twice daily. Warnings Not to be taken during pregnancy, by nursing mother or by children under 10 years of age. Keep out of the reach of children. Disclaimer These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease

Eyebright organic Also known as- Euphrasia officinalis, Augentrostkraut, Euphraisiae herba, Euphrasia, Euphrasia officinalis. Eurphrasia rostkoviana, Herbed Euphraise. Introduction Eyebright is an elegant, tiny English pasture plant, with deeply-cut leaves and numerous, small, white or purplish flowers variegated with yellow. Its botanical name Euphrasia is borrowed from the Greek Euphrosyne (gladness), one of the three graces who was distinguished for her joy and mirth. In Elizabethan times, "eyebright ale" was a popular remedy for eye problems of all sorts. Constituents Anti-inflammatory acubin, antiviral caffeic acid, antiallergenic ferulic acid. Parts Used Leaf, stem and small pieces of the flowers. Typical Preparations Warm compress or tea. Also convenient as an extract or capsule. Summary Herbalists use eyebright as a poultice with or with concurrent administration of a tea for the redness, swelling, and visual disturbances caused by blepharitis and conjunctivitis. The herb is also used for eyestrain, and to relieve inflammation caused by colds, coughs, sinus infections, and sore throat. Precautions The safety of this herb during pregnancy and lactation is not proven. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Fenugreek Seed Also known as- Trigonella foenum-graecum, Alholva, Bird's Foot, Bockshornklee, Bockshornsame, Chandrika, Foenugraeci Semen, Foenugreek, Greek Clover, Greek Hay, Greek Hay Seed, Hu Lu Ba, Medhika, Methi, Trigonella. Introduction The name fenugreek comes from the Latin term Foenum-graecum, or Greek hay, the plant being used to scent moldy hay. The genus name, Trigonella, is derived from another Greek name denoting "three-angled," from the shape of the "crown" around the seed. Ancient Roman medicine used fenugreek as an aid to male potency. Constituents Arginine, beta-carotene, beta-sitosterol, coumarin, diosgenin, fiber, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), kaempferol, luteolin, magnesium, manganese, niacin, potassium, pyridoxine, quercetin, riboflavin, rutin, sulfur, thiamine, trigonelline, tryptophan, vitexin, vitamin C, zinc. Parts Used The fruit or "seeds," dried and used whole or ground. Typical Preparations Used in cooking. Usually encapsulated for medicinal use, since the seeds are bitter. Up to 3-1/2 ounces (100 g) of fennel seeds can be eaten in a single meal without gastrointestinal side effects, but greater amounts provide too much fiber for most people. Also taken as an extract. Summary In the nineteenth century, Arab physicians would prepare a paste of fenugreek seeds soaked in water as a food for diabetics. Research in the 1990Ís found that adding an extract equivalent to 1-3 tablespoons of fenugreek seeds to the daily diet of diabetics significantly lowered blood sugars, HbA1C, triglycerides, and total cholesterol while raising HDL ("good") cholesterol„but most North Americans, Australians, and Europeans would find the bitter taste difficult. Encapsulated forms are most easily tolerated. Poultices of fenugreek seeds are a traditional remedy for furuncles, boils, and eczema. Precautions If you wish to use fenugreek to lower blood sugars, it is better to use the powder rather than the whole seed. The powder releases more vanadium as it is digested. Avoid fenugreek if you are allergic to chickpeas, and Fenugreek should not be taken medicinally when pregnant, however moderate use in food should be fine. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Description Sociable Garlic No Garlic Odor Kyolic Liquid is Organic. Kyolic Liquid begins with time-tested organic farming techniques. Organic cultivation is essential to grow naturally balanced garlic bulbs. Kyolic liquid is rich is essential nutrients, free from pesticides or herbicides. Kyolic Liquid is the Original Liquid Formula. Kyolic originated with a liquid formula Aged Garlic Extract over 40 years ago. Kyolic is the world's best-selling garlic supplement. One of the benefits of the liquid form is that it is absorbed and assimilated by the body faster than other forms. Kyolic Liquid is Standardized with SAC. Kyolic is the only product standardized with SAC (S-allyl cysteine), a water-soluble compound naturally derived from garlic. It's the SAC in Aged Garlic Extract that assures the high quality of Kyolic Liquid. Kyolic Kocktail: Add one half teaspoon Kyolic Liquid Aged Garlic Extract to 8 oz of your favorite fruit or vegetable juice. Stir Kyolic into a glass of juice. Add ice cubes, lemon juice to taste and your favorite garnish. Kyolic Liquid is the Unique Aged Garlic Extract. The organically grown garlic cloves undergo a unique natural aging process to bioconvert harsh and odoriferous crude compounds, such as allicin, into stable and beneficial ones. This process guarantees no garlic odor. Kyolic is the only true Aged Garlic Extract produced without heat through an exclusive 20-month aging process. Aged Garlic Extract is the antioxidant form of garlic according to in vitro tests. Supplement Facts Serving Size: 1/4 teaspoon Servings per container: Amount Per Serving % Daily Value Kyolic Aged Garlic Extract T (bulb) 1 ml * *Special Garlic Preparation Other ingredients: Aged Garlic Extract*, water and residual alcohol from extraction. Directions As a dietary supplement, take 1/4 to 1/2 teaspoon, or 30 to 60 drops (one or two filled capsules, size #00) with a meal twice daily. Or, enjoy in a Kyolic Kocktail. Refrigeration is recommended after opening. Disclaimer These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Printable Reviews __USERID__ http://www.vitacost.com/KyolicAgedGarlicExtractLiquid

Gentian Root and Powder Profile Also known as- Gentiana lutea, wild gentian or yellow gentian, and as gentiana in English-language commentaries on Traditional Chinese Medicine. Introduction Gentian is an herb of the high pastures of the Alps and the Himalayas. The roots take 7 to 10 growing seasons to mature. The botanical name Gentiana is derived from Gentius, king of ancient Illyria (180-167 B.C.E.), who discovered its therapeutic values, according to a history written by Pliny the Elder (ca. 23-79 C.E.) The herb has been used in European herbal medicine throughout the 2200 years since its discovery. Gentian is also mentioned in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia, recommending it for anorexia and sluggish digestion. Constituents Bitter principles (amarogentin, gentiopicroside) and the bitter-tasting gentiobiose, which is so bitter that it can be tasted even if it is diluted with 58,000,000 times its volume of water. Parts Used Dried, mature root. Typical Preparations Bitters, teas, tonics, and tinctures. Summary The bitters in gentian activate a reflex action that releases acids into the stomach and bile into the gallbladder. This accelerates digestion and helps the intestines absorb fat, preventing bloating and flatulence. Gentian is typically taken before a fatty meal. Precautions DonÍt take gentian if you have peptic or duodenal ulcers. May seldom cause gastro-intestinal upset. Not recommended for long term use. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease

Description Autumn-Harvested Leaf Promotes Good Blood Circulation & Enhances Memory & Concentration We prepare our Ginkgo Extract from the leaves of Ginkgo Biloba trees which have been Certified Organically Grown without the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides or herbicides. Ingredients: Certified organic grain alcohol (57-67%), distilled water, vegetable glycerine & Ginkgo extractives. Directions Shake Well Before Using Two to five times per day take 30 to 40 drops in a little water. Warnings Keep Out of the Reach of Children Disclaimer These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease

Ginkgo Leaf and Powder Profile Also known as- Ginkgo biloba, and Maidenhair Tree. Introduction Ginkgo extracts are the most widely used, and among the least natural„herbal products in North America and Europe today. Most of the ginkgo capsules you find on the market are actually extracts of ginkgo leaves made by bathing them in hexanol and evaporating the toxic solvent away to make a concentrated slurry of a single healing chemical. Constituents Gibberellin, cytokinin-like substances, ginkgolic acid, bilobol, ginnol, aspartine, calcium. Parts Used Leaves and nuts. Leaves are considered "sweeter" and have a gentle effect d are primarily used for cerebral circulation. Typical Preparations Teas, capsules, and extracts. Summary The natural herb has a long history in Chinese medicine. Ginkgo nuts and ginkgo leaves are used to treat lung conditions (rather than mental conditions). They are sweet, astringent, and non-heating; they stop "leakage" of fluids into air passageways without causing heat, increased heartbeat, or excitability. Recent research into the plant has discovered a range of medicinally active compounds in the leaves and this has excited a lot of interest in the health-promoting potential of the plant. In particular, the leaves stimulate the blood circulation and have a tonic effect on the brain, reducing lethargy, improving memory and giving an improved sense of well-being. They have also been shown to be effective in improving peripheral arterial circulation and in treating hearing disorders such as tinnitus where these result from poor circulation or damage by free radicals. The leaves contain ginkgolides, these are compounds that are unknown in any other plant species. Ginkgolides inhibit allergic responses and so are of use in treating disorders such as asthma. Eye disorders and senility have also responded to treatment. The leaves are best harvested in the late summer or early autumn just as they begin to change colour. They are dried for later use. Precautions The leaf is not recommended for persons currently taking blood thinning medications. For nuts- do not use if you have a current outbreak of poison ivy or contact dermatitis, since the increased circulation to the skin caused by the herb could spread the toxin. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

American Ginseng Root and Powder Profile Also known as- Panax quinquefolius, American Ginseng, Anchi Ginseng, Canadian Ginseng, Ginseng, Ginseng Root, North American Ginseng, Occidental Ginseng, Ontario Ginseng, Panax quinquefolium, Red Berry, Ren Shen, Sang, Shang, Wisconsin Ginseng, Xi Yang Shen. Introduction There are actually three different herbs commonly called ginseng: Asian or Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng), American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), and Siberian "ginseng" (Eleutherococcus senticosus), the latter herb having many of the same effects as the first two even though it is in a different plant family. Constituents Acetic acid, adenine, adenosine, alanine, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, beta-sitosterol, caryophyllene, cysteine, ferulic acid, folic acid, at least 10 different ginsenosides, glycine, guanidine, histidine, Isoleucine, kaempferol, magnesium, malic acid, niacin, pantothenic acid, salicylic acid, tannins, tyrosine, vanadium, zinc. Parts Used The mature root, washed, dried and cut. Typical Preparations Teas, extracts, or tinctures using at least 3 grams (about a teaspoon) of the herb a day. Summary American ginseng is eleutheroÍs kinder and gentler cousin. It is especially helpful for males engaged in weight control. A study published last year in the Journal of the American College of Nutrition noted that men who take at least 3 grams of American ginseng per day experience lower blood sugars and lower insulin levels after eating. Lower levels of insulin lead to a lesser tendency to store food as fat. Weight lost by diet and exercise is more likely to stay off when men use American ginseng. Women are more likely to use American ginseng to control undesirable symptoms of menopause. For this application, more is better. A full daily dose of American ginseng provides many of the same symptomatic benefits as estrogen replacement therapy, and laboratory research suggests that the herb provides chemicals that "lock" estrogen receptors and possibly prevent estrogen-stimulation of breast cancer. Both men and women with diabetes benefit from American ginseng at a relatively high dose, at least 3 grams a day. Clinical study has found that the herb prevents post-prandial hyperglycemia, the sudden spike in blood sugars after a meal. Precautions Most herbalists recommend taking American ginseng (or any other ginseng) for a month at a time, followed by a two-week "rest." For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Goldenrod Herb Also known as- Solidago gigantean, Solidago Canadensis, Canadian goldenrod, Julia's Goldenrod, and Salebrosa Goldenrod. Introduction The same goldenrod that causes autumn allergies for millions has been used for centuries as n herbal medication by millions more. The botanical name Solidago comes from the Latin term solidare, to make whole. The plant grows 2 to 3 feet (60 to 90 cm) high, with alternating leaves and panicles of golden flowers on top. Constituents Flavonoids, including kaempferol, rhamnetin, quercetin, quercitrin, astragalin, and afzetin; also saponins, essential oil, germacrene, pinene, limonene, hydoxycinnamic acid, caffeic acid, and tannins. Parts Used The above-ground parts of the plant, ground and chopped. Typical Preparations Traditionally used as a tea, sometimes available in tea bags. The tea should be drunk between meals. May also be taken as a capsule or extract. Summary The traditional use of goldenrod was to treat kidney stones. GrieveÍs Modern Herbal notes that that in 1788 a boy of ten, after taking the infusion for some months, passed quantities of gravel, fifteen large stones weighing up to 40 grams (1-1/4 ounce), and fifty over the size of a pea. The flavonoids and saponins in the herb help relieve inflammation throughout the urinary tract while acting as a mild diuretic. Precautions Do not use during acute attacks of kidney stones. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Goldenseal Root and Powder Profile Also known as- Hydrastis canadensis, Orange Root, Yellow Root, Yellow Puccoon. Ground Raspberry. Wild Curcuma. Turmeric Root. Indian Dye. Eye Root. Eye Balm. Indian Paint. Jaundice Root, and Warnera. Introduction Goldenseal root has a long history of medicinal use among Native American tribes of the northeast, its native habitat. The plant was first described to the outside world in the 1700s and was greeted with such enthusiasm as a virtual cure-all that exports of the native American plant reached 200,000 to 300,000 pounds annually. Among the maladies that goldenseal root was said to be an effective treatment for were upper respiratory infections, catarrh, intestinal infections, infections of the mucous membranes, diabetes, yeast infections and thrush. Recent research has isolated constituents in goldenseal which have broad spectrum antibiotic properties, as well as astringent and anti-inflammatory actions, giving credence to many of the traditional uses of the herb. Constituents Hydrastine, Berberine, berberastine, canadine, candaline, and hydrastinine, fatty acids, resin, polyphenolic acids, meconin, chlorogenic acid, phytosterins and a small amount of volatile oil Parts Used Root Typical Preparations In tea as an infusion or decoction, in capsules, as a poultice and in liquid extract form. Summary Goldenseal root is considered to be an effective broad spectrum antibiotic, and is very much in demand worldwide. Its antibiotic and anti-inflammatory properties have led researchers to study goldenseal root as a possible alternative to chemical antibiotics. Goldenseal also appears to promote healthy glandular function, and may have a tonic and detoxifying effect on the entire system. Precautions Because berberine can stimulate contractions, goldenseal root should not be used by pregnant women. Goldenseal may raise blood pressure and should not be used for extended periods of time by those with heart conditions. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Gotu Kola Herb and Powder Profile Also known as- Centella asiatica, Brahmi, Indian Pennywort, Marsh Penny, Spadeleaf, and Pennywort Gotu Kola, also known as Indian Pennywort is one of the most widely used and important Ayurvedic herbs on the market today. This ground cover species is weed like especially, in parts of India and Hawaii where it grows prolifically in unusual conditions, such as drainage ditches, gutters and neglected areas. Don't let its wild predomination scare you, Gotu Kola is also one of the largest cultivated crops and thrives under organic farming conditions. While popularly used as a food source in the form of leafy greens within Bangladesh, Thailand and Sri Lanka it also has been internationally recognized within many countries pharmacopoeias and has been a valid, recognized, botanical medicine since 1884. Constituents Mainly consisting of triterpenoid saponins, sapogenins, Parts Used Leaf. Either fresh or dried. Typical preparations Tea from the dried leaves, encapsulated dry leaf, liquid herbal extract and, using fresh leaves from your garden in your salads, beverages and medicines. Summary The widespread belief that Gotu Kola helps improve memory led to several studies on its effect on the central nervous and circulatory systems. The preliminary results suggest that it may help with memory and cognitive disabilities as well as helping the body overcome stress and fatigue. However it should be noted that those with mild to moderate depression might want to use caution. Some testing done in India indicates it may act as a very mild depressant. Precautions None noted For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Hawthorn Berries and Powder Profile Also known as- Crataegus laevigata (Midland hawthorn), Crataegus monogyna (hawthorn), Aubepine, Bianco Spino, Crataegi Fructus, Crataegus cuneata, Crataegus oxyacantha, Crataegus pinnatifida, English Hawthorn, Epine Blanche, Epine de Mai, Haagdorn, Hagedorn, Harthorne, Haw, Hawthrone, Hedgethorn, May, Maybush, Maythorn, Mehlbeebaum, Meidorn, Nan Shanzha, Oneseed Hawthorn, Shanzha, Weissdorn, Whitehorn. Introduction The hawthorn is a heart herb. The berry is yellowish brown to wine-red, oval, wrinkled, berry-like fruit (actually a pome). Constituents Flavonoids and oligomeric procyanidins. The berries contain more hyperoside than the leaves and flowers, and the leaves and flowers contain more vitexin rhamnoside than the berries. Parts Used The whole berry, dried, crushed and powdered Typical Preparations Hawthorn berries are more often used to make tinctures than teas, smoothies and punches. May also be taken encapsulated or as an extract. Summary Hawthorn berries are antispasmodic, cardiac, diuretic, sedative, tonic and vasodilator. Like hawthorn leaves and flowers, hawthorn berries have a hypotensive effect as well as acting as a direct and mild heart tonic. The traditional use of hawthorn berries is the treatment of weak heart combined with high blood pressure. The berries are also used to treat a heart muscle weakened by age, for inflammation of the heart muscle, for arteriosclerosis, and for nervous heart. The effect of hawthorn berry on these heart conditions is not immediate; it may be necessary to take the herb for 4 to 6 weeks to see results. Leaf and flower preparations may work faster, but hawthorn berries are better for some specific problems. A specific use for hawthorn berries is the treatment of orthostatic hypotension, a sudden loss of blood pressure caused by moving from a seated position to a standing position. Orthostatic hypotension can cause temporary loss of consciousness, and is a common complication during the first few weeks of medical treatment of high blood pressure with beta-blockers. A tincture made from a combination of hawthorn berries and camphor will not eliminate orthostatic hypotension, but it will reduce it enough that it does not cause swooning or fainting. Another often-overlooked use of hawthorn berries"this time as a tea"is treatment irritable bowel syndrome. Making a cup of tea with no more than a half-teaspoon of crushed, dried berries can relieve the constipation and gas associated with the condition. Kampo (Japanese herbal) medicine often uses crushed hawthorn berries with other herbs to treat colitis diarrhea caused by CrohnÍs disease, and various conditions causing rectal bleeding. Precautions Taken in excess, hawthorn berry teas can cause mild diarrhea. This does not occur when the berries are used to make tinctures or are encapsulated. Diarrhea is not a side effect of the leaf and flowers. Taken in excess, hawthorn berry soft drinks, especially if they are made with the powder, can cause mild diarrhea. (Rice is added to the blend to prevent stomach upset.) Diarrhea does not occur as a result of using the herb when the berry powder is used to make tinctures or are encapsulated. Diarrhea is not a side effect of the leaf and flowers. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Description Suitable for Vegetarians and Hypoallergenic. Hoodia gordonii is a succulent plant found in the Kalahari Desert of South Africa. For over a thousand years the hoodia plant has been a nutritional secret of the San Tribesmen. This convenient liquid extract offers the concentrated power of hoodia for contemporary use of an ancient food source. Supplement Facts Serving Size: 1/4 teaspoon ( 2.00 ml ) Servings per container: 29.00 Amount Per Serving % Daily Value Calories 5.00 Hoodia gordonii Stern Extract (20:1) 500.00 mg * *Daily value not established. Other ingredients: Purified water, vegetable glycerin, and potassium benzoate. Free Of Yeast, dairy, egg, gluten, corn, soy, wheat, sugar, starch, salt, artificial color, flavor or fragrance Directions 1/8 to 1/4 teaspoon, one hour before a meal. May be taken with an 8 ounce glass of water. Warnings If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, or taking any prescription medication, consult your health care professional before using this product. Do not use if tamper-evident seal is broken or missing. Keep out of reach of children. Disclaimer These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease

Hops Flowers Profile Also known as- Lupulus strobula. European Hops, and Lupulin. Introduction A "hop" is a green cone around the female flower of the hop plant. Inside the hops are golden grains that form a sticky greenish yellow to organ-yellow powder. Hops have been used for centuries to flavor beer, but they have been used even longer to aid sleep and to reduce libido. In fifteenth-century Germany, monks prescribed teas of hops to young males to help them remain chaste. Constituents Up to 80% of grains of hops is a bitter resin. There are also tannins, flavonoid antioxidants, lupulone, and humulene. Parts Used The cone and grains of the hops flower, dried and cut. Typical Preparations Teas, infusions, tinctures, or encapsulations. Is also popularly used in dream and sleep pillows and many other cosmetic formulations. Summary Hops are sedating, but the chemicals responsible for this effect (humulone and lupulone) are strongest after an aging process of about 6 months to 2 years, which is the time required for them to form their sedative chemicals. Fresh hops provide bitters that stimulate digestion; these bitters are also found in the aged herb. In folk medicine, washes made with hops and waters are often used to treat sores and skin injuries. Hops teas are also used to relieve the pain of bladder infections. The hops used in beer are used "fresher," so drinking beer does not have the same effect as taking hops as an herb. The German food chemist Udo Pollmer notes that soaking red or white meats in beer, before grilling, reduces the formation of cancer-causing HCA's (heterocyclic amines), and actually prevents the formation of these compounds, although "lite" or alcohol-free beers do not have this effect. Another way to avoid the HCA's, of course, is to serve vegan entrees. Precautions The hops in beer are responsible for an unfortunate condition in men known in German herbal medicine as "beer drinker's droop," or erectile dysfunction. Avoiding excessive consumption of beer or hops helps men retain potency. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Horsetail (Shavegrass) Herb and Powder Profile Also known as- Equisetum arvense, scouring rush, shavegrass, and Field Horsetail, Introduction Horsetail, not to be confused with cat-tail, is possibly the most abundant source of silica in the plant kingdom, so much, in fact, the herb can be used for polishing tin pewter. Constituents More than 2/3 in-organic constituents, primarily silica and potassium salts. Horsetail from European sources contains the anti-allergy compound quercetin, but the same herb from North American and Asian sources usually does not. The plant also contains small amounts of nicotine. Parts Used The above-ground parts of the plant, dried, cut, and powdered. Typical Preparations Usually in tea, tinctures and encapsulations. Universally used in cosmetics. Summary In very high doses, horsetail is sedative and anticonvulsant. The primary use of the herb, however, is as a diuretic. Gently stimulating increased urinary flow, horsetail helps "flush" infectious bacteria out of the bladder without altering the body's balance of electrolytes. The powdered form of the herb is better when electrolytes may be depleted. It's also the form of the herb being investigated as a treatment for age-related memory impairment. Precautions When taking horsetail powder for its diuretic effect, be sure to drink extra water for maximum benefit. Avoid if there are kidney stones. Don't take horsetail herb if you take an ACE inhibitor for high blood pressure and you have congestive heart failure, as the combination of the herb and the drug can cause accumulation of excessive potassium. Not recommended while pregnant. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Hyssop Herb Also known as- Hyssopus officinalis. Introduction "Purge me with hyssop," the Bible records, "and I will be clean." Hyssop has been used for millennia as a holy herb, consecrated for cleaning holy places. Hyssop is an evergreen bushy herb growing 1 to 2 feet (60 to 90 cm) high on a square stem with linear leaves and flowers in whorls of 6 to 15 blooms. Native to southern Europe, it is grown in gardens in cooler climates around the world. Hyssop has a minty taste that makes it a tasty addition to salads, provided it is used in small quantities. Constituents Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, essential oil. Parts Used Above-ground parts of the plant dried and cut, and essential oil. Some vendors offer the more traditional hyssop flowers, without stem or leaf. Typical Preparations Traditionally used in teas, however it may be equally effective as a capsule or extract. Summary Hyssop is used in herbal medicine to move excesses of fluids or phlegm. Since the expectorant qualities of the herb depend on its essential oil, always brew hyssop tea in a closed vessel and keep the bottle of hyssop tincture tightly closed. Japanese research published in 2003 in the Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology suggests that hyssop teas can help lower the sharp increase in blood sugars after eating common to people who have or who are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Precautions Not recommended while pregnant. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease

Juniper Berry Profile Also known as- Juniperus communis, and Common Juniper. Introduction The juniper is an evergreen tree native to Europe, northern, Asia, and the northern parts of North America but especially abundant in central Texas. The purple, blue, violet, or blackish-brown fruits are harvested in early autumn for culinary and medicinal use. Constituents Primarily sugars, but also pinene, limonene, tannins, and antioxidant flavonoids. Parts Used The berries, whole, ground, or rubbed through a sieve. To prevent loss of essential oil, juniper berries should not be ground, crushed, or rubbed until just before use. The herb is frequently combined with birch leaf, horsetail, parsley "seed," or restharrow in herbal diuretic teas. Typical Preparations May be taken as a tea, extract or capsule, and may be liberally sprinkled on food or added to drinks and smoothies. Summary Juniper berries are a mild diuretic that stimulate urination without causing loss of electrolytes. Added to food, juniper berries prevent gas and heartburn. Precautions If you have been using juniper berry teas for several weeks and you urine smells like violets, you have been using the herb too long. Continued overdose can cause renal irritation and blood in the urine. Since juniper berries can stimulate uterine contractions, avoid use during pregnancy. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Kava Kava Root and Powder Profile Also known as- Piper methysticum and Awa Introduction Kava Kava has traditionally been used and continues to flourish as a ceremonial beverage. We recall stories of Polynesian islanders sitting around in "Kava Rooms" literally becoming drunk and intoxicated with so much Kava that they fell into a stupor. We recommend its use in moderation and that it not be consumed while operating machinery or before driving. It is widely used as a mild sedative with relaxant properties and has been administered for nervousness, tension, cramping, and stress. Its active constituents are several different varieties of Kava lactones and this is not only found in standardized extracts. Most bulk roots and powdered roots offered by reputable bulk herb suppliers generally garnish 13-20% Kava lactone. Constituents Kava lactones, kawahin, yanoginin, methysticin, glycosides Parts Used Whole roots, with the smaller rootlets that tendril from the main shaft being higher in active compounds. Powdered root is its main form for consumption to date. Typical preparations Pulverized or powdered root to make a milky drink, liquid herbal extract, capsule, or cut root added to decoction tea. Summary Can be highly sedative and has been known to numb certain body parts. Typically safe in controlled amounts and it makes a fine evening drink with no documented or substantiated side effects. Precautions Not to be used while pregnant or nursing. Not recommended to be used by those under the age of 18 or those with a pre-existing liver condition. Excessive consumption may impair ability to drive or operate heavy machinery. This information has not been evaluated by the Food and drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease

Lady's Mantle Herb Profile Also known as- Alchemilla vulgaris and Alchemilla xanthochlora, Dewcup, and Hairy Mantle. Introduction LadyÍs mantle is a perennial herb found in North America, Europe, and Asia. Although its leaves bear a striking resemblance to cilantro, ladyÍs mantle is in the rose family. Its scientific name Alchemilla is a derivative of the Arab work Alkemelych, or alchemy, so called for the plantÍs magical healing potency. Constituents Tannins and flavonoids, chiefly quercetin. Parts Used The above-ground parts of the plant, dried. Typical Preparations Teas, extracts and seldom found encapsulated. Summary The most common use of ladyÍs mantle in ancient times was to treat sudden infections of the mouth and throat. Cuts, scrapes, and burns were bathed in warm teas of ladyÍs mantle to prevent infection. LadyÍs mantle tea has also been used to treat heavy menstruation, menstrual cramps, and disagreeable symptoms of menopause. Some modern herbalists recommend ladyÍs mantle as a treatment for diabetes; it may help prevent circulatory problems in diabetics. Precautions None. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Licorice Root and Powder Profile Also known as- Glycyrrhiza glabra (and several other species, some dangerous) True Licorice, and Sweet Licorice. Introduction An astonishing number Chinese herbal formulas„over 5,000 in fact„use licorice to sweeten teas and to "harmonize" contrasting herbs. Licorice is one of the most widely used herbs worldwide, used at least since the time of the great Chinese herbal master Zhang Zhong Zhing, about 190 AD. Constituents Glycyrrhizin, complex immune-stimulant sugars. Parts Used The root. Typical Preparations Teas, tinctures, and in encapsulations. Summary The most common use of licorice world-wide is to treat coughs and colds. Licorice is especially useful for treating coughs with sticky phlegm, or for treating colds that accompany stomach upset. Chinese medicine also uses licorice to treat various forms of chronic fatigue. Gastric and duodenal ulcers and canker sores can be treated with the herb or with its common derivative, deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL). If you use DGL, however, you must remember to chew the capsules or they will not work. Saliva activates DGL. Precautions DonÍt use licorice if you have high blood pressure, and donÍt use licorice if you eat a meat and potatoes diet. Your body needs potassium from fruit and vegetables to compensate for the excretion of potassium stimulated by licorice. If you use steroids or an asthma inhaler, licorice will increase both the effectiveness of the drug and the severity of its side effects. Its long term use is not recommended, and it is not recommended for use by pregnant women. May cause stomach upset if taken in large quantities. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Milk Thistle Seed organic Also known as- Silybum marianum, Holy Thistle, Variegated Thistle, LadyÍs Thistle. Introduction Milk thistle is a member of the sunflower family native to a narrow area of the Mediterranean, but grown for centuries throughout Europe and and now a common weed in California. Milk thistle was probably brought to North America as a coffee substitute, but its shiny black seeds covered with feathery tufts have a far longer history in herbal medicine. The edible thistles were given the name silybum by Dioscorides, a Greek physician who served in the Roman Army over 1,900 years ago. The thistle with white mottling on its leaves became known as the "milk" thistle. This herb served as a therapy for conditions we would now recognize as ascites, congestive heart failure, various kidney diseases, and hepatitis. In Catholic Germany, its usefulness was said to be second only to calling on Mother Mary, and the white mottling on the leaf said to be the touch of the Virgin MaryÍs milk, hence the species name "marianum." In the twentieth century, German physicians and pharmacologists found that milk thistle could treat certain mushroom poisoning, fatty liver due to alcoholism, cirrhosis, and hepatitis B and C. Much of the research involved a proprietary formula developed by the German natural products maker Madaus, but the authoritative Complete German Commission E Monographs also recognized the usefulness of the whole herb. Constituents Silymarin (silibinin, silydianin, and silychristin), vitamin E (tocopherols), and about 90% fatty acids. Parts Used The threshed, dried seed. Typical Preparations Whole seeds or seed powder, encapsulated or used to make an infusion. The most convenient form has been either an alcohol or glycerin extract. Summary There is a tendency among herbalists to think of milk thistle seed and silymarin as synonymous. For instance, The Expanded German Commission E Monographs notes the historical uses of the whole herb for treating "Congestion of the liver, spleen, and kidneys" and in the very next paragraph states, "Milk thistle is an example of a preparation that is required to be in the standardized, concentrated form in order to fully convey the desired, in this case, hepatoprotectant, effects." This isnÍt necessarily so. ThereÍs no doubt that silymarin extract delivers more silymarin than the same amount of milk thistle. This is because only about 10% of the silymarin in the seed can be absorbed by the digestive tract, and the seed is only up to 3% silymarin. However, since the customary dose of the whole herb is 12 to 15 grams (up to 3% silymarin) and the customary daily dose of silymarin extract amounts to 200 to 400 milligrams of silymarin, you actually get an effective dose of silymarin by taking whole milk thistle seed three times a day. There are other reasons to use the milk thistle seed (whole or ground) rather than silymarin extract. Even when an herb is used to treat a serious health condition, the whole herb often has a more balanced effect. The milk thistle extract silymarin, for instance, has proven usefulness in treating liver disease. The drawback to using silymarin is that, if the doctor prescribes other drugs, such as steroids, silymarin can interfere with the liverÍs ability to detoxify them. Milk thistle seed has the same healing effect on the liver without interfering with the organÍs ability to detoxify drugs or environmental chemicals, and a side benefit of normalizing blood lipids as the liver heals. Precautions Like silymarin extract, milk thistle seed can cause mild diarrhea by stimulating the release of bile. This effect is most notable if there is a high-fat diet. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Promotes Healthy Liver Function Silybum marianum Pericarp (seed coat) Herb Farm's® Milk Thistle is prepared from pericarp (seed coat) of Silybum marianum plants which are Custom Wildcrafted™ in their natural wild habitat and are never fumigated or irradiated. Ingredients: Grain alcohol (64-74%), distilled water & Milk Thistle extractives. Directions Shake Well Before Using Two to Four times per day take 30 to 40 drops in a little water. Disclaimer These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Motherwort organic Also known as- Leonurus cardiaca, lionÍs ear, lionÍs tale, throwwort. Introduction Motherwort is a mint with dull green, hairy leaves and an intensely bitter taste. The botanical name Leonurus refers to a fanciful resemblance of the leaves to a lionÍs tale. Constituents Motherwort contains four groups of medicinally active chemicals: ´ Caffeic acid 4-rutinoside. ´ Diterpenes of the labdane type, such as leocardin, a mixture of two epimers of 8b-acetoyx-9a, l3a, l5, l6-bisepoxy-l5-hydroyx-7-oxo- labdan-6b, l9-olide. ´ Flavonoids; rutin, quinqueloside, genkwanin, quercitin, quercetrin, isoquercetrin, hyperoside, and apigenin and kaempferol glucosides. ´ Iridoids: leonuride and others not yet identified. Parts Used All the above-ground parts of the plant, gathered after flowering, dried, and cut. Typical Preparations Traditionally used as a tea. Frequently combined with hawthorn. May also be taken as an extract or capsule. Summary The traditional use of motherwort is the treatment of racing heart (tachycardia) caused by nervous tension. Long-term use may reduce the formation of clotting factors and also lower total cholesterol and triglycerides. Motherwort is also used to treat menstrual tension. It treats false labor pains, and it is useful in the stimulation of delayed or suppressed menstruation, especially when prolonged emotional stress is factor. Precautions Consult your physician before using this herb if you take prescription medication for your heart. Not recommended while pregnant. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Myrrh Gum and Powder Profile Also known as- Commiphora myrrha, Balasmodendron myrrha. Introduction One of the three gifts of the Three Magi to the baby Jesus, myrrh has a long history as a treatment for spasms, infections, coughs, colds, failure of menstruation, and chronic fatigue. In Ayurvedic medicine, myrrh is a favorite addition to the rasayanas for rejuvenation and disease prevention, especially as a spring tonic. Constituents Gums, resins, sterols, volatile oils. Parts Used Dried exudates (resin) from the bark. Typical Preparations Tincture, rarely tea or encapsulation, included in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese herbal mixtures. Used in conjunction with other ingredients for the development of many cosmetic applications. Summary Today myrrh is used a topical antiseptic for cuts, scrapes, scratches, and abrasions, and as an addition to toothpastes, mouthwashes, and gargles to control infections of the mouth and throat. In Chinese herbal medicine, it is included in formulas to treat uterine fibroids, although it is not used alone. Precautions Avoid use when you have "red" symptoms, for example, fever, blistering, hot flashes, or nervous tension. It use is not recommended while pregnant and it may cause nausea or vomiting in excess. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Nettle Leaf and Powder Profile Also known as- Urtica dioica, Stinging Nettle, Common Nettle, Gerrais, Isirgan, Kazink, Ortiga, Grande Ortie, Ortie, Urtiga, Chichicaste, and Brennessel Introduction The common nettle comes by its other name, stinging nettle, honestly. The innocuous plant, a perennial that grows in many parts of the world and that has been naturalized to Brazil, delivers a stinging burn when the hairs on the leaves and stems are touched. Its healing properties are as well known among various cultures and are part of folklore and tradition. Those healing powers are even alluded to in at least one fairy tale, The Swan Princess, in which the heroine must weave shirts of nettle leaf to cure her twelve brothers who have been turned into swans by an evil stepmother. The nettle leaf and root both have medicinal properties, but each is more effective against different complaints. Nettle leaf is used traditionally as a diuretic, and as a treatment for rheumatism and arthritis. In Germany, a standardized extract is sold for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and prostate diseases. Nettle leafÍs effectiveness against rheumatism and other inflammatory diseases is well documented, and borne out by chemical analysis of the plant. Constituents formic acid, histamine, serotonin, choline, minerals, chlorophyll, amino acids, lecithin, carotenoids, flavonoids, sterols, tannins and vitamins. Nettle's main plant chemicals include: acetophenone, acetylcholine, agglutinins, alkaloids, astragalin, butyric acid, caffeic acids, carbonic acid, chlorogenic acid, chlorophyll, choline, coumaric acid, folacin, formic acid, friedelins, histamine, kaempherols, koproporphyrin, lectins, lecithin, lignans, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, neoolivil, palmitic acid, pantothenic acid, quercetin, quinic acid, scopoletin, secoisolariciresinol, serotonin, sitosterols, stigmasterol, succinic acid, terpenes, violaxanthin, and xanthophylls Parts Used leaves Typical Preparations Steamed and eaten in salads, pastas, etc. As a tea, extract and capsule. Summary NettleÍs purported anti-inflammatory effects have been repeatedly confirmed by modern research over the past ten years. It is particularly effective in treating allergic rhinitis, relieving nearly all the symptoms of itchy, watery eyes, sneezing and runny nose. It also has performed better than the prescription drug furosemide in reducing blood pressure, increasing urine output as a diuretic and increasing salt excretion. Interestingly, it had no effect on blood pressure in studies using rats, but proved most effective with cats. It also seems to be effective in reducing pain and producing a sedative effect. It is important to keep in mind that the medicinal effects of the leaf and root of the nettle are markedly different. Nettle root, for instance, shows exceptional efficacy in treating prostate complaints in men. Nettle leaf has some of the same effects, but not to the same extent. The leaf, on the other hand, shows some promise in boosting immune system function and is an effective treatment for many skin conditions. One final use should be noted * nettle leaf has been used as a hair and scalp treatment for centuries, and again, those uses are being supported by research as well. Nettle leaf extract seems to promote hair regrowth and thicken hair, as well as reducing dandruff and scalp conditions when used as a rinse. Precautions Because of its diuretic and hypotensive actions, nettle leaf may lower blood pressure. If you are taking diuretics or other drugs meant to lower blood pressure, consult your doctor before using nettle leaf. Its long term, extended use is not recommended. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Oatstraw and Oat Tops Profile Also known as- Avena sativa, Oats, Common Oats, and sometimes referred to as "avena." Introduction Oat straw is, as its name suggests, the above-ground parts of the oat plant left after harvesting the grain. In Europe, oat straw is a long-trusted additive to soaps and skin conditioners Constituents Carbohydrates, silicic acid. Parts Used The threshed and dried stem and leaf, and the dried or fresh milky tops. Typical Preparations Baths, tinctures, teas, and skin care products. Summary Modern European herbal medicine, paid for by insurance, uses oat straw as a nervous system restorative and to strengthen a weakened constitution, as well as to treat genital herpes and shingles. There is no doubt that the silicic acid in the herb is soothing on skin. What about the use of oat straw as a sexual stimulant? A single scientific study a number of years ago found that oat straw stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone in rats. There is no scientific evidence that oat straw has an effect on the human body's use of testosterone. On the other hand, there is no conclusive scientific evidence that it doesnÍt. Precautions None, unless you are allergic to oats. Gluten sensitivity will not be activated by use of oat straw on the skin. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Oregon Grape Root and Powder Profile Also known as- Mahonia aquifolium. Botanists disagree about the scientific name of this plant. Some list it as Berberis aquifolium, a close relative of, but not identical to, barberry. Introduction Oregon grape root is a tall, evergreen, flowering shrub that grows among the firs, spruces, and pines of the mountainous American Northwest. The state flower of Oregon, Oregon grape root bears fruit but "grapes" is an inaccurate description. Oregon grape root is a useful substitute for goldenseal, which has been over harvested in the wild. It is not as fussy about its habitat than the closely related barberry, and easier to find. As a purely bitter herb, Oregon grape root is used easily with Traditional Chinese Medicine, having the same function and only a little less potency than coptis. Like coptis, Oregon grape root is useful in treating the various symptoms of "damp heat," such as: ´ Abdominal fullness and distention ´ Constipation alternating with diarrhea ´ Foul-smelling loose stools, ´ General feeling of heaviness, ´ Nausea, ´ Reduced appetite, ´ Reduced thirst although with the sensation of dry mouth, ´ Sticky, thick, and yellow or green mucous discharges, ´ Watery, oozing skin eruptions, and ´ "Red" symptoms: red tongue, hot flushes, bad temper, rapid pulse. (Practitioners of Traditional Chinese Medicine are likely to note that Oregon grape root is less appropriate than coptis in treating syndromes in which there is a "deficiency of Yin," an inherent tendency to lose fluids.) Oregon grape rootÍs best-researched application in modern herbal medicine, however, is in the treatment of chronic inflammatory skin conditions, such as psoriasis. Constituents Oregon grape root contains berberine, also found in barberry, coptis, and goldenseal. The herb also contains phytochemicals with similar activity, including columbamine, hydrastine, jatrorrhizine, oxyacanthine, and tetrahydroberberine, as well as tannins. It does not contain the range of nutrient vitamins and minerals found in barberry. Parts Used Root Typical Preparations Topical creams containing 10% tincture of Oregon grape root. Also used as tea, tincture and it may be administered in capsule form. Proper dosage is important: ´ Tea: 1 to 2 grams (1/2 to 1 teaspoon) of dried root steeped in 150 ml (approximately 2/3 of a cup) of hot water for 10 to 15 minutes three times daily. This is not the same dosage as for the chopped herb. ´ Tincture: 3 to 6 ml. (1/2 to 1-1/2 tsp) three times daily (but no more than three doses of any kind of Oregon grape root product per day). ´ For skin disorders: 10% tincture in ointment, applied to the skin three times daily Summary Traditional herbal medicine uses Oregon grape root to stop diarrhea. It slows the passage of stool through the small intestine, but it also keeps bacteria from implanting themselves in the lining. Oregon grape root may also give the immune system a mild boost by encouraging phagocytosis, the engulfing and digesting of bacteria by the white blood cells known as microphages. Oregon grape root and other herbs that contain berberine are scientifically proven to protect against bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans, helminthes (worms), and chlamydia. Conditions treated by Oregon grape root include bacterial diarrhea, intestinal parasites, and ocular trachoma. Oregon grape root may increase blood platelet counts and counteract the proliferation of cancerous tumors of the bladder and colon. It has a sedative effect on the smooth muscles lining the digestive tract and can relieve stomach cramps and abdominal pain. Why use Oregon grape root as a whole herb? Why not just take a berberine concentrate? Oregon grape root contains tannins that cross link proteins in the linings of the nose and throat, or in the digestive tract, to seal them against infection. The tannins may also explain the herbÍs usefulness in treating psoriasis, a condition characterized by the over-rapid multiplication of cells in the skin. In at least one clinical study, a cream containing Oregon grape root eased inflammation, irritation, and itching. Precautions Adults should limit use of Oregon grape root or any other herb containing berberine (barberry, coptis, or goldenseal) to seven consecutive days at a time, waiting at least a week before using the herb again. This gives the natural, helpful bacteria of the intestine a chance to recover. Taking vitamin B6 supplements can give infectious bacteria resistance to the antibacterial toxins in the herb. DonÍt take vitamin B supplements while you are taking Oregon grape root. Oregon grape root may interfere with the intestineÍs ability to absorb doxycycline or tetracycline. Do not take Oregon grape root if you are taking antibiotics for diarrhea. Oregon grape root is often given to children with success, but should be used with caution, no more than three consecutive doses followed by a day without the herb. The herb is not a problem for nursing mothers unless the baby has jaundice, however it should not be used while pregnant. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Osha Root Profile Also known as- Ligusticum porteri, Bear Medicine, Colorado Cough Root, Chuchupaste, and Porter's Wild Lovage Introduction A native of the higher altitudes of the Rocky Mountains in the USA, the root of the osha plant is a traditional Native American treatment for indigestion and upper respiratory infections. The related Ligusticum wallichii has been used for nearly 2,000 years in traditional Chinese medicine, and most of the scientific studies of osha were actually performed on the Asian species. Constituents Furanocoumarins, mucilage. Parts Used Dried root. Typical Preparations Teas, tinctures, encapsulations. Tinctures and extracts vary widely in concentration; be sure to follow instructions on the label. Also used is steams and saunas. Summary Ancient Chinese physicians used plants like osha to "open the interstices" or sweat out a respiratory infection. Like its Chinese cousin ligusticum, osha will induce sweating, thought to prevent the development of a full-blown cold or flu. Osha is also used to help coughs become productive. Like other bitter herbs, osha stimulates appetite ("feeds a cold"). Precautions Not tested for safety for pregnant women, nursing mothers, or children under the age of 6. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Passionflower Herb and Powder Profile Also known as- Passiflora incarnata, Passiflora caerulea, Apricot Vine, Blue and Purple Passionflower, and Maypop. Introduction Passionflower is a climbing vine native to South Texas, Mexico, and Central America. Growing to a length of 30 feet (9 meters) under ideal conditions, the vine bears three-lobed leaves, purple flowers, and yellow-to-orange egg-shaped fruit. The name of the plant comes an analogy between the plantÍs ornate flower to the elements of the crucifixion of Jesus, white and purple to symbolize heaven and purity, five stamens for the five wounds he suffered, three style for the three nails used to affix him to the cross. Constituents Chrysin, harmane, harmaline. Parts Used Dried leaves and stems. Passionflower powder must be stored at temperatures below 77 degrees F (25 degrees C), and should be used within six months of purchase. Typical Preparations Teas, tinctures and encapsulations. Sometimes found in relaxing bath blends and sleep pillow mixes. Summary Herbalists in Mexico, Central America, and Texas have used passionflower as a calmative and sleeping aid for over 200 years. Relieving muscle tension, the herb lowers blood pressure and calms anxiety. Passionflower is also a source of chrysin, a chemical that helps the body release testosterone. Chrysin stimulates the production of testosterone, and thus can seldom aggravate conditions caused by excessive testosterone (baldness and prostate problems in men, unusual aggression, hair growth, and skin problems in men and women). Passionflower is most appropriate for men who have conditions such as gynecomastia (enlargement of the breasts) caused by excessive estrogen. While chrysin keeps testosterone from being converted into estrogen, it also blocks some of the receptors on cells that cause them to respond to estrogen. Passionflower is the herbal remedy of choice for treating nausea and vomiting resulting from withdrawal from Vicodin, cocaine, heroin, or opiate painkillers. It may also help in attention deficit disorder and restless legs syndrome. Compounds in passionflower occupy the same receptor sites in the brain as the benzodiazepine drugs Librium (chlordiazepoxide) and Valium (diazepam), but cause less drowsiness. Passionflower may also help withdrawal from alcohol. Finally, passionflower is help for nerve pain caused by post-herpetic neuralgia, the sometimes intense pain following outbreaks of shingles. Precautions Pregnant women should avoid passionflower, since it can stimulate uterine contractions. Safe dosages for children under 6 have not been established. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Pau d'Arco Bark and Powder Profile Also known as- Tabebuia impetiginosa, Tabgebuia avellanedae, Lapacho, and Taheebo, Introduction One of the best known herbs from the Amazonian rainforest, pau d'arco is a key ingredient in the tribal medicine chest, used as whole herb to treat infections and cancer. Constituents Lapachol, lapachone, and isolapachone are the best studied chemical compounds in pau dÍarco, although most herbal practitioners attribute the healing power of the herb to its tannins. Parts Used Inner bark. Typical Preparations Tea, tincture or encapsulation. Summary The scientific study of pau d'arco is still very preliminary. There is a great deal of practical evidence, however, that pau d'arco can be used with success to treat colds, flu, sore throat, and yeast infections, and there is laboratory evidence that the herb contains compounds that protect against tropical diseases, specifically malaria, schistosomiasis, and tropical fevers. The herb is added to ointments to treat psoriasis, and taken orally to relieve ulcers. Precautions Like cat's claw, pau d'arco tincture should be taken in water with a little lemon juice so tannins can be absorbed through the colon. Although some "scientifically" oriented natural health experts recommend taking pau dÍarco in capsules for maximum absorption of the single chemical lapachone, most holistic herbal experts recommend taking a tincture in water and lemon juice for maximum absorption of the full range of healing compounds. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Plantain Leaf and Powder Profile Also known as- Plantago major (and minor), Broadleaf Plantain, White ManÍs Footprint, Common Plantain Introduction The common plantain grows throughout the US * very probably in your garden. In most places, it is seen as a noxious, invasive weed. It is, however, a useful little plant. The leaves are edible, often used raw in salads and cooked as greens. Older leaves have a stronger, sometimes objectionable flavor, and can be tough and stringy, but can be used to make tea. Plantain is very high in vitamins A and C and in calcium. Medicinally, plantain leaves have been used to relieve the pain of bee stings and insect bites, stop the itching of poison ivy and other allergic rashes, and promote healing in sores and bruises. Plantain tea can be used as a mouthwash to help heal and prevent sores in the mouth, and as an expectorant. Most recently, plantain is being marketed as a stop smoking aid, adding one more use to the list of ways that this versatile herb is useful. Constituents allantion, apigenin, aucubin, baicalein, linoleic acid, oleanolic acid, sorbitol, and tannin, beta carotene, vitamin C, calcium Parts Used The whole leaf and some stem is acceptable. Typical Preparations Eaten raw and fresh in salads, as a tea, in tincture form and as an external compress. Summary Plantain has been used as a veritable pharmacopeia in some Native American cultures * and with some very good reasons. Many of its active constituents show antibacterial and antimicrobial properties, as well as being anti-inflammatory and antitoxic. The leaves, shredded or chewed, are a traditional treatment for insect and animal bites * the antibacterial action helps prevent infection and the anti-inflammatory relieves pain, burning and itching. There is some investigation ongoing to study its affects on lowering blood sugar. Precautions None known For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease

Pleurisy Root and Powder Profile Also known as- Asclepius tuberosa, Canada-root, Chiggerflower, Indian Posy, Orange-root, Orange Swallowwort, Tuberroot, Whiteroot, Windroot, and Yellow or Orange milkweed. Introduction Pleurisy weed is better known in parts of the country as butterfly weed. The plant is a variety of milkweed native to eastern North America. ItÍs a popular plant in country gardens, and is known to attract butterflies, particularly monarchs. It has been used medicinally by a number of Native American tribes for centuries. Much of the plant is edible, including the young shoots, flower buds and stems. The milkweed fibers can be used to make fabric or rope. Various parts of the butterfly weed have been used to treat sore throat and cough, pleurisy and other bronchial and pulmonary problems, to treat diarrhea and to help encourage milk production in mothers. It has been used as an emetic, an antitoxin and a contraceptive. At least one tribe of Native Americans considered it their most important medicine. Pleurisy weed does have a darker side, however. The alkaloids it contains include some that can be toxic in the mature plant. It is considered toxic to livestock, and not recommended for use by pregnant or breastfeeding women, or for children. Constituents Resinoids, glycosides, and a small amount of alkaloids Parts Used Root and sometimes the leaves and plant Typical Preparations In tea infusions, as an extract and very seldom in capsules. Summary Chemicals that occur naturally in pleurisy root can reduce the thickness of mucus in the lungs and encourage coughing, which can relieve the pain and congestion associated with pleurisy and other lung problems. In addition, other constituents mimic the action of estrogen in the body, which has made concoctions of pleurisy weed useful in treating menstrual problems, specifically in bringing on delayed menstruation, or for use as an abortifacient. Precautions Pleurisy weed products should not be used by pregnant women because of the danger of miscarriage. In addition, pleurisy weed has a similar effect on the heart to digoxin, and should be avoided by those with heart problems, or those who are taking any heart stimulant medications. Pleurisy root may interact with a number of other drugs and herbs, so itÍs important to consult your health practitioner if you intend to use pleurisy for medicinal purposes. It use is not recommended by those with pre-existing liver conditions. May cause gastro-intestinal upset. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease

Prickly Ash Bark and Powder Profile Also known as- Zanthoxylum spp (fraxineum and americanum), Szechuan pepper, chuan jiao, Northern Prickly Ash, Ache Tree, Tooth Ache Tree, and Yellow Wood. Introduction About 1350, a book entitled the Ri Yong Ben Cao (Home Guide to Useful Medicines) first advised Chinese physicians of the medicinal benefits of prickly ash, also known as Szechuan pepper. Before prickly ash was used medicinally, however, it was applied in the Imperial Court as the sole anesthetic for the operation by which the Emperor acquired his court eunuchs. Traditional Chinese Medicine uses prickly ash to warm the "middle burner," the energies in the middle of the body that power the immune response and help digest food. Traditional herbal medicine also uses prickly ash to kill parasites and to alleviate abdominal pain, particularly when the source of the pain is a parasitic infection. Constituents Volatile oil containing geraniol. Parts Used The bark or the fruit, dried and chopped. The powder is better for poultices than the chopped bark. The chopped bark is better for making teas and tinctures than the powdered bark. Typical Preparations Teas or tinctures. Prickly ash powder may be used as a poultice applied to the abdomen to treat abdominal pain (recommended over teas or tinctures for this purpose). Although rare, may also be taken as capsule. Chopped prickly ash bark can be used to make teas or tinctures when combined with: ´ Ginger and/or Panax ginseng for relieving chronic abdominal pain. ´ Ginger to treat nausea and vomiting in long-term illnesses. ´ Mume fruit and coptis or Oregon grape root for treating symptoms caused by roundworms (usually vomiting). The seed or "eyes" of prickly ash are used in teas as an acrid, bitter, and cooling treatment for wheezing or swelling. Summary Taken internally or externally, prickly ash bark relieves chronic pain. Usually a prickly ash poultice applied to the skin over the area of pain is more effective than a prickly ash tincture or tea taken by mouth. Test the herb on a small area of skin first to make sure you are not among the very few people sensitive or allergic to the herb. Precautions Always seek a medical diagnosis when there is acute abdominal pain. Traditional Chinese Medicine teaches that prickly ash should be avoided when there is fever with profuse sweating, and used with caution during pregnancy. Prickly ash can stop lactation, and should be avoided by mothers wishing to continue nursing. Products made from the American prickly ash (Zanthoxylum americanum) can cause sunlight sensitivity. This effect is likely to be a problem only if the user (1) takes prescription ACE inhibitors for high blood pressure or (2) eats large amounts of celery or celeriac or takes St. JohnÍs wort. Sunburn can be avoided by avoidance of midday sun or by use of sun block. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Description We extract with the appropriate solvents, high alcohol if necessary; then concentrate by vacuum distillation. Ingredients: Propolis extract, vegetable glycerin and 16-22% grain neutral spirits. Directions As a dietary supplement Mix 10-12 drops of extract in a little water 2-3 times a day. Shake well. Warnings Keep out of reach of children. Disclaimer These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Printable Reviews __USERID__ http://www.vitacost.com/NaturesAnswerPropolisHerbalExtract

Red Clover Blossom and Leaf Profile Also known as- Trifolium pretense, Cow Clover, Meadow Clover, Purple Clover, Trefoil, Trifolium pratense, Wild Clover Introduction Red clover is a perennial plant that grows wild in most temperate climates. It has been used medicinally to treat a wide variety of conditions, many of them having to do with reproductive functions and menopause. While these uses are traditional, modern science has recently isolated isoflavones from red clover plants that are similar in shape and action to estrogen. Among its common uses are to relieve the symptoms of PMS in premenopausal women, and in place of hormone replacement therapy in menopausal women. Studies have suggested that red clover isoflavones are more effective in reducing heat flashes than pharmaceutical preparations, and can delay bone loss associated with osteoporosis. Red clover also appears to reduce the levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol, limit the progress of benign prostate hyperplasia and reduce the buildup of plaque that causes heart disease. Finally, red clover has been used topically to help treat psoriasis and other skin conditions, and promote healing in skin wounds while reducing infection. Constituents Isoflavones Parts Used Flowers and sometimes the leaf and flower Typical Preparations Tea, in capsules and extracts. May also be eaten raw and seldom in salads. Summary Red clover may help reduce the effects of PMS and menopause and reduce the pain associated with menstrual periods. The estrogen-like action limits grown in benign prostate hyperplasia in men, and reduces the severity and frequency of hot flashes during menopause in women. Used topically, it promotes healing of skin wounds and conditions like psoriasis. Taking red clover may reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke by improving the cholesterol profile and toning the arterial walls, as well as by preventing the clumping of red blood cells that build up on the linings of arteries. The flowers are the most potent but are far harder to produce and the price reflects. A suitable alternative although less potent is the leaf and flower. Precautions Red clover should not be taken by pregnant or nursing women, as the effects on developing fetus and infants is not determined. There are some studies that suggest taking red clover may affect fetal development. It is also recommended that you do not take red Clover while on blood thinning medication. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Red Root and Powder Profile Also known as- Ceanothus americanus. New Jersey tea, Ceanote, and Wild Snowball. Introduction Red root is a shrub also known as white snowball for its clusters of white flowers borne in early summer. Its root is bitter and its root tea has a "bite." Red root was used as a substitute for tea during the American Revolutionary War. Constituents Ceanothine, tannins. Parts Used Root bark. Typical Preparations Teas, tinctures and in capsule form. Also used as a natural dye. Summary Red root gargles stop sniffling and salivation associated with colds, flu, bronchitis, and asthma. The herb is also used in teas to stop dribbling of urine caused by urinary tract infection. The roots and root bark of New Jersey tea was used extensively by the North American Indians to treat fevers and problems of the mucous membranes such as catarrh and sore throats. Current day usage of the roots concentrates on their astringent, expectorant and antispasmodic actions and they are employed in the treatment of complaints such as asthma, bronchitis and coughs. Precautions None. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease

Reishi Mushroom and Powder Profile Also known as- Ganoderma lucidum, Lucky Fungus, Ling-Zi, Introduction Reishi is that age old medicine cited thousands of years ago in several texts and scripts as being a tonic for emperors. At one time this mushroom was specifically used under the prestigious vestiges of the ruling class, but it has since made its way into the pantries of us common folk. Traditional and contemporary Chinese medicine admire it as a tonic benefiting vital energy or "Qi", and it is popularly prescribed for a multitude of maladies. Reishi is a polypore mushroom, growing in damp, dark forests and the occasional rotting log. Modern day demand has forced its cultivation in Japan, China and the United States which is promising for the wild stands of Reishi. Constituents A hearty and abundant medicine with much promise. Constituents include an array of alkaloids, triterpine acids, ergosterols, fumaric acid, coumarins, lactone, mannitol, and many polysaccharides. Parts Used The whole mushroom top, with as little shaft as possible. The larger the mushroom the better. Typical preparations Tea decoction from the dried mushroom, which Chinese medicine usually call for 1-8 grams of dried mushroom per cup of tea (6-8 ounces) Powdered mushroom sprinkled on food or in beverages, as a liquid herbal extract (non-standardized), and as an encapsulated (non-standardized) product from whole mushroom tops. Summary As mentioned above, Reishi was used historically to treat a multitude of ailments (Far too many to list here) and was dubbed as the "panacea tonic" or "cure all". Modern medicine recommends its use as a daily dietary supplement and currently all of the research on this mushroom has indicated that regular consumption of Reishi is safe and effective. Precautions None recorded For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Sarsaparilla Root (Jamaican) Also known as- Smilax ornata, Sweet Sarsaparilla, Sarsaparilla Introduction Sarsaparilla * many of us remember it as the perfect thirst quencher on a hot summer day. The semi tropical plant is native to South and Central America, as well as parts of China and India. By the time the Spanish conquistadores arrived, they found the indigenous tribes using beverages made with sarsaparilla (sarsaparilla) as a general health tonic. Among the claims made for sarsaparilla are that it improves the libido, increases sexual appetite, is beneficial for treatment of psoriasis and other skin conditions, and fights several viral infections. Modern medicine and science seem to confirm many of the traditional uses of sarsaparilla root. The saponins found in the root, for instance, can be used to synthesize human steroids, though there is no evidence that this transformation happens naturally in the human body. Still, there is a great deal of interest in the actions of plant steroids in the human body. There is some evidence to support the use of sarsaparilla root in treating skin conditions, and in increasing general health, as well as evidence that some constituents of sarsaparilla have antiviral action, and are useful in treating rheumatism and syphilis. Constituents palmitic acid(I), beta-sitosterol(II), delta 7-5 alpha-cholesten-3-beta-ol(III), naringenin (IV), succinic acid (V), apigenin (VI), resveratrol (VII), daucosterol (VIII) and juncusyl ester B (IX). arsasapogenin, stigmasterol, and pollinastanol; many flavonoids; and the saponins sarsasaponin, sarsaparilloside, Parts Used Root Typical Preparations Root decoction as a tea, powdered in tablets or capsules, made into cold beverages, and seldom found as an extract. Summary Sarsaparilla seems to be another case where science is slowly learning that many of the traditional uses are valid. Sarsaparilla is used as a treatment to restore virility, ease skin conditions, combat leprosy, treat syphilis and reduce the pain and inflammation associated with autoimmune joint diseases like rheumatism. Precautions Excessive use may cause intestinal discomfort. Not recommended while pregnant For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Saw Palmetto Berry and Powder Profile Also known as- Serenoa repens, Sabal serrulata Introduction A miniature palm growing 2 to 4 feet (60 to 130 cm) high, the saw palmetto occupies sandy flatlands of the US from South Carolina to South Texas. Once the preferred treatment for prostate disease in American medicine, saw palmetto fell into disfavor in the 1960Ís until French researchers isolated specific compounds with statistically demonstrable effects on the prostate. The whole berries, however, continue to be used with success in herbal medicine. Constituents Beta-sitosterol, capric acid, ferulic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid. Parts Used Berries, dried and cut or powdered. Typical Preparations Teas, tinctures, encapsulations. Summary Saw palmetto extracts help heal benign prostate enlargement and prostatitis by stopping the converstion of 5-dehydrotestosterone into testosterone, but the whole berries have a gentler effect on the hormone„helping preserve male potence„while offering a wider range of effects to treat the conditions. In cases of prostate infection, the berries gently stimulate urination, causing the infectious microorganisms to be "flushed out" with urine. Precautions Precautions for the use of saw palmetto extract do not apply to the use of saw palmetto berries. Even tinctures of saw palmetto berries do not contain large doses of the testosterone-modifying chemicals that can be a problem in using most products; these products are manufactured with the use of chemical solvents like hexanol. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Schisandra Berry and Powder Profile Also known as- Schisandra chinensis, Schizadra, and Wu Wei Zi Introduction Schisandra is also known as Magnolia vine with its ability to grow upwards in a creeping fashion. An ornamental plant found in many fine gardens throughout the world, but native to Asian countries with the largest exporting country being China. Its most popular use can be recorded in these same Asian producing countries as a widely used Male tonic and adaptogenic. Its Chinese name is wu-wei-zi, which means five taste fruit. Schisandra has an usually sour, sweet, bitter, warm, and salty taste, hence the name "five taste". Constituents Up to 19% of the fruits weight consists of lignans. Parts Used The whole berry or powdered berry. Typical preparations Asian users take 1 teaspoon a day and it makes a lovely infusion in fruit juice. Pour ½ cup to a 1-gallon pitcher of a dark fruit juice and allow it to soak for 1 day. Strain and drink as necessary. Schisandra can also be added to tea decoctions, herbal brews (soft simmer) and is effective as a liquid herbal extract and herbal capsule. One can also make an effective Schisandra syrup by allowing the berries to soak in Glycerin for 1 month. For convenience it may be taken as a capsule or extract. Summary Most research has been conducted in China where double blind studies suggest that Schisandra has the ability to help those that suffer from Hepatitis. The lignans in the berry appear to protect the liver by stimulating cells that produce much needed antioxidants. Because of its adaptogenic properties, it has been applied next to some herbal medicines like Ginseng as a stimulator for the central nervous system, increased brain efficiency, improved reflexes, and an accelerated rate of endurance. Precautions Botanical safety research in China, Russia, and the U.S. showed that Schisandra might cause gastrointestinal upset in some individuals. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease

Shepherd's Purse Herb and Powder Profile Also known as- Capsella-bursa-pastoris, ladyÍs purse, motherÍs heart, shepherdÍs bog. Introduction ShepherdÍs purse is a temperate zone weed in the same plant family as cabbage, broccoli, mustard, and watercress. It is a biennial with an erect stem emerging from a rosette of leaves at its base. It bears four-petalled white flowers that produce heart- or purse-shaped seedpods. All of the aboveground parts of the plant are used in herbal medicines. During the nineteenth century, shepherdÍs purse was used by doctors as the principal remedy for uterine bleeding, especially when ergot and goldenseal were not available. Traditional Chinese Medicine adds shepherdÍs purse to formulas to "brighten vision," to correct blurriness and spots before the eyes. Constituents Ascorbic acid, beta-sitosterol, choline, citric acid, diosmin, histamine, inositol, rutin, tannic acid, tannins. Parts Used Seedpods, crushed before making tea. Typical Preparations Teas, tinctures and encapsulations. Summary ShepherdÍs purse contains a protein that acts in the same way in the body as the hormone oxytocin, constricting the smooth muscles that support and surround blood vessels, especially those in the uterus. Other chemicals in the herb may accelerate clotting. Still other compounds in the herb help the uterus contact, explaining the long-time use of the herb to help the womb return to normal size after childbirth. ShepherdÍs purse is also a mild diuretic, providing potassium to replace the potassium lost through increased urination. Precautions Use of shepherdÍs purse to treat spotting during pregnancy is not recommended, since the herb can cause uterine contraction. If bleeding treated by the herb persists for more than tree days, consult a qualified healthcare practitioner. Not recommended if you have severe liver or kidney disease. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease

Skullcap Herb Profile Also known as- Scutellaria lateriflora, Scutellaria, Scullcap, Scute, Blue Skullcap, Mad-Dog Skullcap, and Madweed. Introduction Skullcap is an herbaceous perennial mint with ridged leaves and tiny blue flowers, growing 1 to 4 feet (25 cm to 1 m) high. Various species of skullcap are important in Traditional Chinese Medicine as herbs that clear heat and dry dampness. The use of herb dates back at least two thousand years. Traditional Chinese medicine teaches that skullcap is most useful for "draining fire" from the "upper burner," for patterns of symptoms including high fever, irritability, thick mucus, or hot sores and swelling. The herb is used to "dry dampness" from the stomach or intestines, treating any kind of digestive upset that stifling the urge to drink fluids or causes inflammation of the urinary tract. Skullcap also treats the symptoms of emotional excess "rising" in the body to cause blushing, flushing, irritability, or headache. Constituents Baicalein, baicalin, wogonin, wogonoside, neobaicalein, roxylin aglucurenoide, camphesterol, beta-sitosterol, and benzoic acid. Parts Used The above-ground parts of the plant, dried. Typical Preparations Traditionally used as a tea or tincture; can be used in capsule form. The tea should be drunk hot. Combined with heal-all (prunella) for treating nervous conditions, peony for treating tension in the abdomen during infection. Traditional Chinese Medicine teaches that skullcap should be "fried" (browned in a pan without oil) for use in stopping bleeding. Summary Over 100 scientific studies confirm skullcap's: ´ Antibacterial effect. The species of skullcap inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, among others. Skullcap may be useful when there is antibiotic resistance. ´ Bleary effect. Tinctures (but not teas) increase flow of bile and lower cholesterol. ´ Gastrointestinal effects. Teas and tinctures slow intestinal movement. ´ Hypotensive effect. Teas, tincture, and alcohol extracts are known lower blood pressure in dogs, cats, rabbits, and humans. The herb lowers blood pressure by dilating blood vessels, potentially lowering risk of heart attack and stroke. ´ Immunomodulatory effect. Skullcap contains compounds that inhibit the release of enzymes by mast cells, effectively acting as an antihistamine. ´ Temperature regulatory effects. As far back 1935, scientists have confirmed that skullcap can lower fevers. Precautions None found For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease

Slippery Elm Bark Also known as- Ulmus rubra, Ulmus fulva, Indian elm, moose elem, red elm, and sweet elm. Introduction The slippery elm is a large, deciduous tree that is native to North American from Texas to Manitoba, and from Florida to Quebec. When growing in well-drained soils, it can reach a height of 60 feet (20 meters). The inner bark of the branches is collected in spring for medicinal used. Slippery elm bark added to hot water has a slippery consistency. Native Americans used soaked slippery elm bark as a natural bandage, allowing to dry over wounds. Many tribes also wrapped slippery elm around stored food to prevent spoilage. Slippery elm also served as a food during famine and for making porridge for small children and elderly persons. Constituents Mucilages. Parts Used The chopped bark is suitable for poultices. Use ground bark for tea. Typical Preparations Teas, infusions, poultices. Up to 5 tablespoons (15 grams) of slippery elm bark can be dissolved in a cup (240 ml) of water. Sometimes found encapsulated and as a liquid extract. Summary Slippery elm poultices are a mainstay of herbal medicine for treating itchy, inflamed, or irritated skin as well as cuts, scrapes, scratches, and minor burns. The mucilage in slipper elm bark also relieves inflammation and irritation in the throat and urinary tract when the herb is taken as a tea or infusion. Slippery elm also helps neutralize excess stomach acid. Scientists believe that the mucilages activate a reflex that causes the stomach to secrete more of its own protective mucus. Slippery elm is used in natural medicine to treat chronic diarrhea, esophagitis, gastritis, peptic and duodenal ulcers, and ulcerative colitis. Clinical researchers at the University of Hawaii at Manoa recently tested slippery elm as a treatment for psoriasis, acting on a suggestion in a recorded reading by the clairvoyant Edgar Cayce. The scientists found that a diet of fresh fruit and vegetables, small amounts of protein foods, and slippery elm bark with avoidance of red meat and processed foods reduced the permeability of the bowel to lectins in food and led to reductions in oozing, itching, and redness. The diet has to be followed carefully, and results may take six months. Precautions Since slippery elm is a food product, there is no upper limit on dosage, although about 2 tablespoons (10 grams) of the herb is the minimum amount that produces noticeable effects. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Return to Slippery Elm Bark

Freshly pressed from the leaves. Not reconstituted. 96% Steviosides. Product of Brasil. A dietary supplement extracted from the leaves of the Stevia plant with high concentrations of Steviosides and Rebaudiosides, preserving all of the purity of this plant native to South America. Supplement Facts Serving Size: 1/8 tsp. (0.625 ml) Servings per container: 160 Amount Per Serving % Daily Value Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (leaves) 15 mg * *Daily value not established. Other ingredients: Distilled water, grapefruit seed extract (a natural preservative). Disclaimer These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

St John's Wort Herb Profile Also known as- Hypericum perforatum, Perforated bush, Hypericum, and Klamath weed. Introduction Who doesn't know all about St. John's wort? This lanky herbaceous plant with yellow flowers filled with 50 to 60 stamens is the best selling medicinal herb in the United States and much of the rest of the world. The original uses of this versatile plant, however, were treating bedwetting, rheumatism, and gout. A St. John's wort oil made with the blossoms and olive, sunflower, or, preferably, wheat germ oil has been used for centuries for treating wounds and burns. Constituents Hypericin and related compounds, rutin, bitters, and tannins. Parts Used The dried flowering tops and leaf. Typical Preparations Traditionally used as a tea, sometimes available in tea bags; also used to make a red St. John's oil for use in liniments and lotions, but only from fresh material. May also be administered as a capsule or extract for convenience. Summary A large volume of scientific research suggests that only a standardized extract delivering a rather high dose of the hypericin found in St. John's wort treats depression"so how can the successful use of the much milder traditional teas of St. John's wort to treat depression be explained? St. John's wort as a whole herb gives the body "just enough medicine" to overcome the physical aches and pains and mild viral infections that keep the brain from recovering from depression. Nineteenth century Eclectic physicians in the United States used St. John's wort to relieve pain caused by injuries to the spine and puncture wounds in the hands and feet. The herb was noted for its ability to slow frequent urination, and treat "throbbing pains" of any origin. Precautions St. John's wort extracts may increase sensitivity to sunlight and risk of sunburn, but this is extremely rare when the whole herb is used. Not to be used with a MAO or Protease inhibitor. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Usnea Herb Profile Also known as- Usnea longissima and Usnea barbata, Old Man's Beard, Beard Moss, and Tree Moss. Introduction The oddly named usnea isn't a plant at all, but actually it is a lichen, which is a combination of algae and fungi functioning as a single organism. Usnea grows on old trees in cool, damp forests, most commonly found in the pacific Northwest which provides most of the nations supply. Contrary to popular belief, Usnea is incredibly abundant and has the potential of devastating entire forests because of its parasitic nature. The various species of usnea are hard to distinguish, but have equivalent uses in herbal medicine. Constituents Usnic acid, essential fatty acids, and sterols. Parts Used The dried thallus or lichen strands of collected plants. Typical Preparations Usually used to make cough and cold lozenges. Can be consumed as a tea and in extract form. externally as a compress or poultice. Summary The tiny Usnea spores can't survive if other microbial life attacks its host tree, so it produces a variety of antibacterial compounds to secure its food supply. These compounds are also active against the bacteria and yeasts that can cause sore nose and throat. Precautions None. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Uva Ursi Also known as- Arctostaphylos uva ursi, bearberry, and Kinnikinnick Introduction Before there were antibiotics, doctors prescribed uva ursi to treat urinary tract infections. Uva ursi is a is a low-lying evergreen bush whose berries are a favorite of bears, hence the name "bearberry." However, it is the leaves that are used medicinally. Constituents Arbutin, hydroquinone, tannins. Parts Used Dried leaves and stem fragments. Typical Preparations Traditionally used as a tea or tincture. Frequently combined with buchu, cleavers, dandelion leaf, parsley fruit, or juniper berries. May also be taken in capsule form. Summary Uva Ursi does not kill the bacteria that cause urinary tract infection. Instead, it releases complex polysaccharides that keep the bacteria "rooting" in the lining of the bladder and urethra, allowing the infectious microorganisms to be flushed away with the flow of urine. Most authorities on herbal medicine not that uva ursi is more effective when the urine is alkaline, that is, when plant foods (especially leafy greens and dried foods) are eaten in greater quantities than animal foods (smoked fish and hard cheese causing the greatest acidity). Precautions Cranberry juice sweetened with sugar cancels out the benefits of uva ursi, although unsweetened cranberry juice, cranberry extracts, and whole cranberries (served without sugar) do not. Do not take vitamin C on days you take uva ursi; vitamin C cancels out its effects. Uva ursi is only appropriate for short-term use, no more than two weeks at a time, no more than 5 times a year. Uva ursi should not be taken by young children, pregnant or nursing women, or by persons with severe liver or kidney disease. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease

Description Promotes Relaxation & Restful Sleep Fresh Rhizome & Root We prepare our Valerian Extract from the fresh (undried) rhizome & root Valeriana officinalis plants which are Certified Organically Grown on our own farm without the use of chemical fertilizers, pestisides or herbicides. Ingredients: Organic grain alcohol & Valerian extractives. Directions Shake Well Before Using Two to Five times per day take 30 to 40 drops in a little water. Disclaimer These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Printable Reviews __USERID__ http://www.vitacost.com/HerbPharmVALERIANLiquidHerbalExtract

Valerian Root Also known as- Valeriana officinalis. Common Valerian, European Valerian, Valeriana and Allheal. Introduction Valerian is a perennial plant native to northern Europe and central Asia. Growing four feet (120 cm) tall, it ears pin-like leaves and pink flower heads. Valerian root is used in herbal healing. The root must be dried at temperatures below 105 degrees F (40 degrees C) for its medicinally active compounds to form. In teas, it tastes sweet and spicy if somewhat bitter, but its odor is unpleasant. Ancient medical texts acknowledge the odor of the herb by calling the plant phu. Constituents Acetic acid, ascorbic acid, beta-ionone, calcium, caffeic acid, magnesium, manganese, quercitin, valeric acid. Parts Used Dried root. Typical Preparations Teas, tinctures and capsules. The chopped herb is combined with St. JohnÍs wort. Valerian powder is mixed with hops and/or lemon balm. Because of its often expressed unpleasant taste, most prefer to take it as a capsule or extract. Summary Valerian is a calmative and tranquilizer. It has been used at least since the time of Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.E.) for treating headaches, insomnia, nervousness, restlessness, menstrual problems, nervous stomach, and hysteria. Clinical trials have confirmed the use of valerian for treating insomnia, especially the insomnia that accompanies menopause. The advantage of valerian over tranquilizers such as Valium and Xanax is that it reduces sleep latency, the time required to fall asleep, without a period of bedtime drowsiness and without creating a "hangover" or grogginess the next morning. Valerian has greatest effect in treating chronic insomnia, rather than short-term sleeplessness. It also soothes the digestive system and may prevent cramping caused by irritable bowel syndrome. Precautions If you use valerian for several months, you may experience withdrawal symptoms (headache, insomnia, racing heart, and general grouchiness) if you stop using the herb abruptly. Reduce dosage of a period of about a week if you wish to discontinue using the herb. Valerian itself does not cause side effects, but it may increase the side effects of some of the older medications for insomnia, such as Ativan (lorazepam), Valium, (diazempam), or Xanax (alprazolam). For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Wild Cherry Bark and Powder Profile Also known as- Prunus serotina, Black Cherry (Prunus virginiana), Virginian Prune, and Choke Cherry. Introduction From ancient times the cherry has been associated with virginity, the red colored fruit with the enclosed seed symbolizing the uterus. Buddhism teaches that Maya, the virgin mother of Buddha, was supported by a holy cherry tree during her pregnancy. In Danish folklore, a good crop of cherries was insured by having the first ripe fruit eaten by a woman shortly after her first child was born. Many myths used cherries as symbols of both education and concealment. The cherry has been associated with virginity from ancient times to modern, which probably arose from the red colored fruit with enclosed seed symbolizing the uterus. Constituents Acetylcholine, HCN, kaempferol, p-coumaric acid, prunasin, quercetin, scopoletin, tannins. Parts Used Dried bark. Typical Preparations Most commonly found in Syrup formulas, however it may be administered as a tea or extract. Summary Much of the healing activity of wild cherry bark is associated with scopoletin: analgesic, antiarrhythmic, antibacterial, anticonstrictive (in the bronchial tubes), antihepatotoxic, anti-inflammatory, fungicide, lowering blood pressure, lowering blood sugars, relaxing the muscles, "sedating" the uterus. The bark is also about 1/2% hydrogen cyanide, just enough to stop coughing and to relax the bronchial tubes without having any other physiological effects. Precautions All stone fruits (cherries, apples, apricots, peaches, plums, pears) contain very low levels of hydrogen cyanide in their bark and pits. The concentration is low enough to be considered therapeutic, but donÍt take the whole bottle all at once! Not recommended for small children, nursing mothers, pregnant women, or people with severe kidney or liver disease. Not recommended for long term use. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Wild Yam Root and Powder Profile Also known as- Dioscorea villosa, Colic-root, and Yam. Introduction There is a great deal of misinformation among consumers, practitioners, and natural product vendors alike about the connection between wild yam (Dioscorea villosa) and progesterone. The female hormone progesterone was first synthesized in a laboratory in 1934, but the materials needed for the process were so expensive that the hormone, that could only be made in very small batches, was priced at $1000 per gram, or about $10,000 per gram in current dollars. Researcher Russell Marker developed a way to derive progesterone from diosgenin, a compound found in the Mexican plant cabeza de negra, Dioscorea macrostachya. This made progesterone extremely cheap and led the way to the development of oral contraceptives. While diosgenin can be converted into progesterone in the laboratory, it cannot be converted into progesterone in the human body. Wild yam contains no progesterone, natural or otherwise. It is, however, extremely useful for many gynecological complaints. Constituents Ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, chromium, cobalt, dioscin, diosgenin, fiber, magnesium, manganese, niacin, phosphorous, potassium, riboflavin, selenium, silicon, sodium, tin, zinc. Parts Used The dried tuber. Typical Preparations Teas, infusions, capsules, and added to creams and ointments. Seldom found in liquid extract form. Combined with cinnamon to treat chronic infection. Summary Traditional Chinese Medicine has used wild yam for at least 2,000 years, since the time of the writing of the Divine Husbandman's Classic of the Materia Medica. Wild yam "separates the pure from the turbid." It is used to treat conditions manifesting themselves as cloudy urine or vaginal discharge. It relievers lower back pain, numbness or stiffness in the legs and feet, and muscle aches, and it clears "damp heat" from the skin at sites of eczema, boils, or eczema. Mountain yam is used to treat stomach upset accompanied by fatigue, heavy sweating, and loss of appetite. It also relieves chronic cough and wheezing and "binds" the kidneys to stop premature ejaculation, frequent urination, or vaginal discharge. Mountain yam is also used to stop severe thirst accompanying diabetes. Precautions Avoid products that are labeled "natural progesterone." They either contain no progesterone, or they contain synthetic progesterone. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Wood Betony Herb Profile Also known as- Stachys officinalis, Betony, Lousewort, Bishopwort, Common Hedge-Nettle, and Spiked Betony. Introduction "Sell your coat and buy betony, admonished an Italian proverb of the Middle Ages. Wood betony was once considered an herbal "magic bullet" for dispelling a wide variety of diseases. Antonius Musa, chief physician to the Roman emperor Caesar August, catalogued 47 conditions he treated with the herb. Wood betony is an herb native to Europe bearing a spike of purple flowers on a long, central stem reaching 1-2 feet (60 to 90 cm) high. All the leaves are rough to the touch and are also fringed with short, fine hairs; their whole surface is dotted with glands containing a bitter, aromatic oil. Constituents Betaine, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, harpagide, rosmarinic acid, stachydrine, tannins. Parts Used The whole herb, collected in dry weather. Typical Preparations Gargles, extracts and teas. Seldom found encapsulated. Summary Centuries of European herbalists used wood betony as a calming remedy and to treat eczema, hives, and shingles. Wood betony teas also treat sore throats caused by allergies or colds, heartburn, and inflammation due to infections of the urinary tract. The herb is used in combination with other treatments to remove intestinal parasites. Precautions Russian research indicates that the traditional warning for nursing mothers not to use wood betony is not warranted. Drink the tea at a meal for maximum benefit. For educational purposes only . This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Wormwood Profile Also known as- Wormwood Profile Also Known As- Artemisia absinthus, Absinthe, Absinthe Wormwood, and Old WomanÍs Weed. Introduction As bitter as wormwood, goes an ancient proverb, and wormwood is indeed one of the most bitter of all plants. Named after the Greek goddess Artemis, the plant is said to have been delivered to Chiron, the father of medicine, by the goddess herself. Wormwood, often called absinth, has hallucinogenic and psychoactive properties and is said to affect the brain in much the same way as THC. Wormwood is often used as a companion plant, as it has strong pest repellant properties, and deters the growth of weeds. Its best known use is in the making of absinthe, a liquor distilled from wormwood which is said to have hallucinogenic effects. Such famous men as Hemingway and Van Gogh attributed part of their creativity to absinth induced visions. True absinthe is illegal in many countries, but wormwood is also used as a color and flavoring in other liqueurs, notably vermouth. The absinthe recommended by the ancient physicians from the Egyptian through the Greeks was likely a very different recipe than that with which we are familiar today. It is most likely that it was simply wormwood soaked in wine or spirits, imparting the medicinal value of the plant to the alcohol. Among its traditional uses, Pliny noted that victorious champions at the races often drank a cup of wine in which wormwood had been soaked to remind them that victory was bitter as well as sweet. Constituents thujone (absinthol or tenacetone), thujyl alcohol, acids, absinthin, tannins, resin, potash, starch Parts Used The whole herb (leaf, stem and flowering parts) Typical preparations Soaked in wine or other spirits, as a tea, in some dream and sleep pillows and as a liquid herbal extract. Summary WormwoodÍs rather unsavory reputation and the banning of absinthe in the United States has added to the glamour and mystery surrounding wormwood. The active constituent thujone * most often absinthol * can be toxic in high doses, and may induce hallucinogenic visions. Wormwood has a long association with both bitterness and liquor, being an ingredient in Pernod, vermouth, absinthe and other alcoholic spirits. Precautions Wormwood contains constituents that may be toxic if ingested in large amounts and for extended periods of time. Not to be used while pregnant. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease

Yerba Santa Profile Also known as- Eriodictyon californicum, holy herb, bearsweed, consumptive's weed, mountain balm, and tarweed. Introduction Yerba santa is a sticky-leafed evergreen native to the southwestern United States. Spanish missionary priests impressed with usefulness in treating coughs, colds, asthma, pleurisy, tuberculosis, and pneumonia gave it the name "holy weed," or yerba santa. Unlike many other astringent herbs, yerba santa actually has a pleasant taste. It is used as a food flavoring and as an additive to herbal cough syrups to disguise the taste of other ingredients.. It was given its name ("holy weed") by Spanish priests impressed with its medicinal properties. Constituents Bitter resins, eriodictyol, eriodictyonic acid, eriodictyonine, essential oil, tannins. Parts Used Dried leaves. Typical Preparations Can be used as a tea, but must be allowed to steep for at least half an hour to dissolve the resins. More often used as an alcohol tincture. Summary Yerba santa is a warm and pungent herb that is both astringent and stimulant. A study published in 1951 in the journal Archives of Biochemistry notes that the resins are mildly antibacterial. Precautions Safety in young children, pregnant or nursing women, or in persons with severe liver or kidney disease has not been established For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease

Yucca Root and Powder Profile Also known as- Yucca glauca (Eastern) Yucca brevifolia (Western), Soap-tree, Soapweed, Soapwell, Soap Root, and Adam's Needle. Introduction Yucca is a succulent that grows throughout the southern United States. Native American tribes used the leaves of the yucca for treating numerous conditions, including psoriasis, dandruff, hair loss, skin sores and inflammation, including joint inflammation due to rheumatism and arthritis. Tribes of the Southwest use the yuccaÍs leaves to make soaps, shampoos and other hygiene related items, including dental floss. In northern New Mexico, healers use a tea brewed from yucca leaves to treat asthma and headaches. Current research suggests that the saponins in yucca are a precursor to cortisone, which prevents the release of toxins from the intestines that restrict the growth of cartilage, making yucca useful in treating arthritis and other soft tissue inflammatory diseases. Constituents saponins that are both water and fat soluble Parts Used Root Typical Preparations Usually in tea, capsules and as an extract. Summary Yucca has many uses in the traditional herbal of many Native American tribes. It has been used to treat both rheumatoid and osteoarthritis, a use for which research is providing validation. Even more recently, research suggests that yucca leaf extract may be useful in preventing blood clots. Precautions Yucca appears to be safe at present. For educational purposes only This information has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This information is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease